国际技术转让合同英译浅谈
other with the improvement and development of the technology related to the contract products free of charge”,这句中的谓语动词“提供”一词,有人译成“supply”,就不如“provide”确切,尽管这两个词都表示“供给”但牵涉到金钱时,“provide”则表示“免费供给”,“supply”则不太明确,一般来说需给钱。 第二条的重点在于规定改进后的技术专有权归属问题。所以这句中的“属于”一词是很关键的,有人译成: "belong to",也有人选择 "possess",还有人用 "own"。我们首先分析一下这几个词, "belong to" 的含义是指“属于...的财产”;"possess"和 "own"虽然都着重于“所属关系”但 possess只是指目前属于某人,并没有讲清是如何得到的,而 own含有“对...合法占有”与原文意思一致,故把这一条译成 "The improved and developed technology shall be owned by the party who has improved and developed the technology".如果将“属于”改用 "belong to",其主语就应该用 "ownership"表示“所有权属于....”因为“知识产权”是与物质财产直接相联系的,译成:"The ownership of any improved and developed technology shall belong to the party who...".
3.理清层次,逐条翻译。
技术转让合同的条款主要有四大类。即:定义条款、基本条款、一般条款和结尾条款,英译时一定要理清层次,突出重点,对合同条款本身的内部结构、各条款间的制约关系应仔细琢磨,吃透其含义,然后按英文合同问题的语气逐条翻译。请看下列三个仲裁条款:(1)“在执行本合同中所发生的与本合同有关的一切争议,双方应通过友好协商解决。如通过协商不能达成协议时,则提交仲裁解决”;(2)仲裁裁决是终局裁决,对双方均有约束力”;(3)除了在仲裁过程中进行仲裁的部分外,合同应继续执行”。以上三个条款是互相联系,不可分割的。现就以上三条进行逐段英译:(1)这一条款重点讲明了,只要双方当事人订立仲裁协议,发生争议首先通过友好方式解决,一旦解决不成也只能提交仲裁,英译时应分成两句,第一句译成: "All the dispute arising from the execution of, or in the connection with the contract shall be settled between both parties through friendly consultations". 本句中的“在执行本合同中所有发身的与本合同有关的“两个定语之间的连词应选择"or"决不能用 "and",第一个定语”在执行本合同中所发生的”译成: "arising from the execution of..." 显得更明确、具体,第二句译成:"In case no settlement to the disputes can be reached between both parties through such consultations, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration"这句中的“不能达成协议”,汉语原文否定动词,译文否定名词;在 "settlement"之后应加译 "between both parties through such consulations",使全句完整、明晰。(2)这一条中的“仲裁裁决”不能译成 "the arbitration ruling"或 "the arbitration adjudication",因为这里的“裁决”是指“由仲裁员作出的决定”应译成 "the arbitration award";“对 ...有约束力”使用 "be binding on/upon"结构,全句译成 "The arbitration award shall be final and binding on both parties"。(3)这一条款主要说明了“合同双方当事人应当履行那些没有提交仲裁的条款”,所以译成主动态显得关系更明确,“在仲裁过程中”用 "to be under arbitration"全句译成: "In the course of arbitration, both parties shall continue to execute the contract except the part of the contract which is under arbitration"
4.校改译文、润色词语
校改译文是从事汉译外所必不可少的一步。在校改合同英译文时,要对译文的词语、行文作更进一步的推敲。要着眼于译文的严谨性和准确性。所以译者在搁笔之前一定要逐段、逐句、逐词仔细修改、润色译文,做到:词义精确、结构严谨。请看下列各例的译文:
(1)按照本合同第二条规定的合同内容和范围,甲方向乙方支付的合同总价为ⅩⅩ美元(大写ⅩⅩⅩⅩ)。其分项价格如下:
The total contract price to be paid by party A to party B according to the content and scope stipulated in Article 2 of the contract isⅩⅩ US dollars (say:ⅩⅩⅩⅩ),Their classified prices are as follow:... 在该英译文中有几处值得商讨。第一,“按照...规定”,译为"according to..."欠妥, "according to"的主要意思是 "on the authority of",而本句所表达的是“按双方同意在平等基础上签订的合同条款为根据”,应选用 "in accordance with" 或"pursuant to" 较为贴切,第二“本合同第二条”。在这个短语中,“合同”和“第二条”的关系是一种“归属”关系,介词应用 to不能用 of,译成: "Article 2 to the contract".第三,“合同总价为 ...”译成:"The total contract price is..." ,不象合同语气,正确的译文应是"The total contract price shall be..." 。第四,“其分项价格如下:”应译成:"Their breakdown prices are as follow:",这里 "breakdown"是指‘把成本价格、总数分成细目”,而"classifies"主要表示“把货物分类或分等级”。另外‘甲方向乙方支付的”应改用定语从句“...price which shall be paid by party A to party B"才能体现出“甲方所负有的义务”,全句应改为: The total contract price which shall be paid by party A to party B in accordance with (or pursuant to) the content and scope stipulated in Article 2 to the contract shall be ⅩⅩ US dollars (say:ⅩⅩⅩⅩ). Their breakdown prices are as follow:
(2)本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起 ⅩⅩ年,有效期满后,本合同将自动失效。
The contract shall be valid forⅩⅩ years from the date of signature, after the expiry of the validity period of the co 《国际技术转让合同英译浅谈(第3页)》
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3.理清层次,逐条翻译。
技术转让合同的条款主要有四大类。即:定义条款、基本条款、一般条款和结尾条款,英译时一定要理清层次,突出重点,对合同条款本身的内部结构、各条款间的制约关系应仔细琢磨,吃透其含义,然后按英文合同问题的语气逐条翻译。请看下列三个仲裁条款:(1)“在执行本合同中所发生的与本合同有关的一切争议,双方应通过友好协商解决。如通过协商不能达成协议时,则提交仲裁解决”;(2)仲裁裁决是终局裁决,对双方均有约束力”;(3)除了在仲裁过程中进行仲裁的部分外,合同应继续执行”。以上三个条款是互相联系,不可分割的。现就以上三条进行逐段英译:(1)这一条款重点讲明了,只要双方当事人订立仲裁协议,发生争议首先通过友好方式解决,一旦解决不成也只能提交仲裁,英译时应分成两句,第一句译成: "All the dispute arising from the execution of, or in the connection with the contract shall be settled between both parties through friendly consultations". 本句中的“在执行本合同中所有发身的与本合同有关的“两个定语之间的连词应选择"or"决不能用 "and",第一个定语”在执行本合同中所发生的”译成: "arising from the execution of..." 显得更明确、具体,第二句译成:"In case no settlement to the disputes can be reached between both parties through such consultations, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration"这句中的“不能达成协议”,汉语原文否定动词,译文否定名词;在 "settlement"之后应加译 "between both parties through such consulations",使全句完整、明晰。(2)这一条中的“仲裁裁决”不能译成 "the arbitration ruling"或 "the arbitration adjudication",因为这里的“裁决”是指“由仲裁员作出的决定”应译成 "the arbitration award";“对 ...有约束力”使用 "be binding on/upon"结构,全句译成 "The arbitration award shall be final and binding on both parties"。(3)这一条款主要说明了“合同双方当事人应当履行那些没有提交仲裁的条款”,所以译成主动态显得关系更明确,“在仲裁过程中”用 "to be under arbitration"全句译成: "In the course of arbitration, both parties shall continue to execute the contract except the part of the contract which is under arbitration"
.
4.校改译文、润色词语
校改译文是从事汉译外所必不可少的一步。在校改合同英译文时,要对译文的词语、行文作更进一步的推敲。要着眼于译文的严谨性和准确性。所以译者在搁笔之前一定要逐段、逐句、逐词仔细修改、润色译文,做到:词义精确、结构严谨。请看下列各例的译文:
(1)按照本合同第二条规定的合同内容和范围,甲方向乙方支付的合同总价为ⅩⅩ美元(大写ⅩⅩⅩⅩ)。其分项价格如下:
The total contract price to be paid by party A to party B according to the content and scope stipulated in Article 2 of the contract isⅩⅩ US dollars (say:ⅩⅩⅩⅩ),Their classified prices are as follow:... 在该英译文中有几处值得商讨。第一,“按照...规定”,译为"according to..."欠妥, "according to"的主要意思是 "on the authority of",而本句所表达的是“按双方同意在平等基础上签订的合同条款为根据”,应选用 "in accordance with" 或"pursuant to" 较为贴切,第二“本合同第二条”。在这个短语中,“合同”和“第二条”的关系是一种“归属”关系,介词应用 to不能用 of,译成: "Article 2 to the contract".第三,“合同总价为 ...”译成:"The total contract price is..." ,不象合同语气,正确的译文应是"The total contract price shall be..." 。第四,“其分项价格如下:”应译成:"Their breakdown prices are as follow:",这里 "breakdown"是指‘把成本价格、总数分成细目”,而"classifies"主要表示“把货物分类或分等级”。另外‘甲方向乙方支付的”应改用定语从句“...price which shall be paid by party A to party B"才能体现出“甲方所负有的义务”,全句应改为: The total contract price which shall be paid by party A to party B in accordance with (or pursuant to) the content and scope stipulated in Article 2 to the contract shall be ⅩⅩ US dollars (say:ⅩⅩⅩⅩ). Their breakdown prices are as follow:
(2)本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起 ⅩⅩ年,有效期满后,本合同将自动失效。
The contract shall be valid forⅩⅩ years from the date of signature, after the expiry of the validity period of the co 《国际技术转让合同英译浅谈(第3页)》