两难情景下任务结构与价值取向的效用特征转换
的权重，决策者的效用函数矩阵也由此而体现出来。表2列出了绝对的个体取向、合作取向、与竞争取向的被试对实际矩阵转换后的效用矩阵。实际上，这些绝对类型的被试是相当少量的，而只是偏向于哪一种类型。对于这些效用的转换也是一个分布，实际的效用矩阵只是介于这些矩阵之间的。
这些因素的交互作用应当对决策的最后结果发生影响，这也是当决策者的效用函数的几个影响因素：任务结构、自身的价值取向与对对手的期望达到稳定以后，效用函数决定最后的决策选择。这种转换的稳定性也在假设3当中得到了验证。在社会两难问题当中的这些决策很大程度上决定的群体作业绩效的高低[2]。所以，单纯地考虑个体自身的因素来决定在这种网络条件下的群体合作任务成员的选拔标准是不够充分的。本实验的研究任务也可以作为一种测试的工具，对决策者的效用函数与其他影响因素进行测量。为了获得最多的群体合作行为，应当从任务结构与决策者自己的价值取向与效用函数转换特征等多个方面入手来探讨，提高群体工作效率。
【参考文献】
1 DawesM.Social dilemmas.Annual Review of Psychology,1980,31:169～193
2 DreuD,McCuskerC.Gain-loss frames and cooperation in two-person social dilemmas:a transformation analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1997,72(5):1093～1106
3 KuhlmanM,MarshelloF.Individual differences in game motivation as moderators of preprogrammed strategy effects in prisoner's dilemma.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1975,32(5):922～931
4 McClintock G,LiebrandB.Role of interdependence structure,individual value orientation,and another's strategy in social decision making:a transformational analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1988,55(3):396～409
5 RochG,Samuelson D.Effects of environmental uncertainty andsocial value orientation in resource dilemmas.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process,1997,70(3):221～235
6 YanJ,WangCM.The Effects of Values
（严进，王重鸣.两难对策中个体价值取向对群众合作行为的影响.心理学报，2000,32(3):332～336）
7 SimonH.Administrative Behavior:A study of decision-making process in administrative organization.3rd ed.Macmillan Publishing Co.Inc.,1978.90～92
8 TriandisH,McCuskerC,HuiC.Multimethodprobes of individualism and collectivism.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1990,59(5),1006～1020
9 KellyH,ThibautJ.Group problem solving.In:Lindzey G,AronsonE ed.The Handbook of Social Psychology,2[nd]ed.Addison-Wesley publishing company,1969.749～793
10 ShuH.Multifactor experimental design in psychological andeducational research(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing normal university &nb 《两难情景下任务结构与价值取向的效用特征转换(第3页)》
本文链接地址：http://www.oyaya.net/fanwen/view/143979.html
这些因素的交互作用应当对决策的最后结果发生影响，这也是当决策者的效用函数的几个影响因素：任务结构、自身的价值取向与对对手的期望达到稳定以后，效用函数决定最后的决策选择。这种转换的稳定性也在假设3当中得到了验证。在社会两难问题当中的这些决策很大程度上决定的群体作业绩效的高低[2]。所以，单纯地考虑个体自身的因素来决定在这种网络条件下的群体合作任务成员的选拔标准是不够充分的。本实验的研究任务也可以作为一种测试的工具，对决策者的效用函数与其他影响因素进行测量。为了获得最多的群体合作行为，应当从任务结构与决策者自己的价值取向与效用函数转换特征等多个方面入手来探讨，提高群体工作效率。
【参考文献】
1 DawesM.Social dilemmas.Annual Review of Psychology,1980,31:169～193
2 DreuD,McCuskerC.Gain-loss frames and cooperation in two-person social dilemmas:a transformation analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1997,72(5):1093～1106
3 KuhlmanM,MarshelloF.Individual differences in game motivation as moderators of preprogrammed strategy effects in prisoner's dilemma.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1975,32(5):922～931
4 McClintock G,LiebrandB.Role of interdependence structure,individual value orientation,and another's strategy in social decision making:a transformational analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1988,55(3):396～409
5 RochG,Samuelson D.Effects of environmental uncertainty andsocial value orientation in resource dilemmas.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process,1997,70(3):221～235
6 YanJ,WangCM.The Effects of Values
; Orientation on Group cooperation in Social dilemmas(in Chinese).Acta Psychologica Sinica,＃2000,32(3):332～336
（严进，王重鸣.两难对策中个体价值取向对群众合作行为的影响.心理学报，2000,32(3):332～336）
7 SimonH.Administrative Behavior:A study of decision-making process in administrative organization.3rd ed.Macmillan Publishing Co.Inc.,1978.90～92
8 TriandisH,McCuskerC,HuiC.Multimethodprobes of individualism and collectivism.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1990,59(5),1006～1020
9 KellyH,ThibautJ.Group problem solving.In:Lindzey G,AronsonE ed.The Handbook of Social Psychology,2[nd]ed.Addison-Wesley publishing company,1969.749～793
10 ShuH.Multifactor experimental design in psychological andeducational research(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing normal university &nb 《两难情景下任务结构与价值取向的效用特征转换(第3页)》
★读了本文的人也读了：