心脏外科微创伤手术切口的解剖学和临床评价
的冠状动脉旁路术损伤小,但无法
常规建立体外循环,另一方面,过多的切口显得较为繁琐。此外尚有作者 [21]
采用了横行小切口,其操作类似于BLT。这种切口的皮肤切口虽较短,但术中仍
需很大的牵引方可将胸廓牵开,因此,与BLT相似,切口外的胸壁结构因牵引而致
的损伤将不可避免。 3 存在的问题
综上所述,目前临床上所采用的上述各种心外科手术切口均有各自的缺点。在
各种技术条件较为完备的,某一手术的实施,可以通过多种手术入路来完成。从病
人的角度来讲,MA更易于接受。近年来,尽管有不少种类的MA被用于临床,但是有
时效果并不十分满意,主要原因在于:(1)大部分MA并不满意,没有达到在保证良
好显露的前提下,尽量使损伤最小、切口最美观的目的;(2)每种MA的手术适应证
不明确,切口的利用效率低;(3)每种具体的心脏手术的最佳入路不明确,不能得
到最佳的效果;(4)可供选择的手术入路较少,有些心脏手术使用现有的MA不能得
到满意的治疗;(5)现有关于MA的报道均为临床经验的总结,缺乏系统的应用解剖
学研究,在临床中尚未能被规范化应用。以上问题的解决,对心脏外科MA手术的应
用有重要的意义。 参考文献
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h to ca 《心脏外科微创伤手术切口的解剖学和临床评价(第2页)》
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