吸烟与眼部疾病
临床病程变化,发现在吸烟者中出现Graves眼病的比例(19%)明显高于非吸烟者(8
%),并发现吸烟者血中亲甲状腺素受体水平明显升高。两者的可能关系为吸烟抑制
了碘的摄入和有机化;也可能是烟雾中的苯对交感神经系统的损害,进而影响了甲
状腺的功能。
2.6.2 斜视:Hakim等〔15〕通过对斜视幼儿发病危险因素调查,发现母亲在
孕期吸烟可使所生子女患内斜视的机率增加1.8倍;如果加上出生体重过小(小于2
500g),其危险性可增加到8.2倍。Chew等〔16〕也发现每日吸两包烟以上的孕妇,
其子女患内斜视的机率增加1.83倍,患外斜视的机率增加2.32倍。
3 小结
综上所述,吸烟是一种对人类健康有严重危害的、可预防的不良危险因素,烟
草中所含的多种有害成分对心、肺、脑血管产生损害。在眼部,主要与老年性白内
障、年龄相关性黄斑变性密切相关;还与视网膜缺血性疾病、前部缺血性视神经病
变以及烟酒中毒性弱视和Graves眼病等有关。吸烟不仅危害自身健康,而且还危害
周围人群和下一代的健康。因此,眼科医生应带头不吸烟和积极宣传戒烟;并且在
临床实践中让病人认识到吸烟对眼部组织的危害。
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