补肾益精 却病延年

之精气也,非胃气不能滋”。 (<<脾胃论>> )老年脾胃虚弱更为突出,由于胃肠功能的减退,不宜暴饮暴食,不宜偏嗜五味、生冷、肥甘之品,不宜食用不易消化的硬性食物(如油煎食品)。清.曹慈山<<老老恒言.饮食>> 中说:"大饥伤脾,大饱伤气。益脾借于谷, 饥则脾无以运而脾虚;气转于脾,饱则脾过于实而气滞。故先饥而食,可以给脾;食不充脾，所以养气。<<素问.生气通气论>>也云:"是故谨和五味,骨正筋柔,气血以流,腠理以密 ,如是则骨气以精,谨道如法,长有天命"

4.慎应寒暑  寒暑是四时气候变化的规律,既是人体赖以生存的条件,又是导致疾病的一大因素。人上了一定年纪后由于肾气衰退，对外界环境变化的适应性、应急性较差,极易受到外邪的侵袭,更伤肾气,引发疾病。<<灵枢.本神>>曰 :"故智者之养生也,必顺四时而适寒暑。养生不逆其时,真气内守,腠理致密, 邪无由伤人。"

5.补摄营养  营养之补因人因时而异,孙思邈说:" 四十岁以上须服补药,五十岁以上四时勿缺补药, 如此乃延年得养生之术耳"。即用药物补益肾之精气, 延缓衰老就成了与积极保健方法相辅相成的重要方法之一。抗衰老药物除了具有治疗疾病作用外，还有针对老年人气血亏损,肝肾不足和阴阳容易失调的特点,分别用补气益血、调补肝肾、滋阴壮阳药物以达到强身保健、益肾固精之功。值得一提的是，中药不仅可作补药，也是很好的营养食品，如补肝肾，强筋骨的杜仲，补肺健脾、固肾益精的淮山药等可做菜吃，具有良好的开发价值。

总之，衰老是一个很复杂的生理退化过程，其根本决定于肾中精气之盛衰。近年来，对肾虚实质和中药（如人参、黄芪、鹿茸、杞子、巴戟天等）抗衰老机理作了大量的实验研究，认为具有抑制导致衰老的“酶”，清除自由基，抗氧化作用和调节微量元素等方面取得了可喜的成果，并可在细胞和分子生物学方面作进一步研究。

参考文献

1．敖拉哈，老年医学与保健，1999；5（2）：51

2．赵伟康，中药延缓衰老的作用特点与研究途径，迈向21世纪的中西医结合，北京：中国医药科技出版社，1991：298

3．罗仁，钟洪，疾病人群的虚症特点，辽宁中医杂志，1996；23（4）：154

4．彭铭泉，中国药膳大典，四川科技出版社，1988：116—130

5．袁锦柏，老年医学与保健，1999；5（2）：49

  Invigorating of kidney Essence to Cure Disease and Prolong One’s Life.

         Sheng Hui Feng, Ming Liang, Li He, consultant Qin Liang Fu

   Shanghai Secondary Medical University, Ren Ji Hospital，Shanghai (200001)

 Abstract: Senility is not only one kind of pathologic changes but also a physiological phenomenon that is unavoidable. The kidney essence is the main substance that controls the process of life and determines the life span and the quality of life. Consumption of viscera is an important factor of geriatric disease and deficiency of kidney energy is the root cause of it. Because of the deficiency of kidney energy and the invasion of pathogen, there arise a series of symptoms of coexistent deficiency and excess. To cure disease and prolong one’s life, treatment should be aimed at invigorating the kidney. It includes invigorating the kidney combined with invigorating five viscera, treating according to syndrome differentiation, increasing body resistance and consolidating constitution, without exhausting the healthy energy. Attention should be paid to the way of nourishing life, exercise and relaxation, proper diet, adjustment of body function to weather changes, replenishment with nutrition so as achieve the purpose of prolong one’s life.

Key words: deficiency of kidney energy, geriatric disease, kidney essence, kidney energy
 

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