多囊卵巢综合征患者的胰岛素抵抗
;②增加肝脏对胰岛素敏感性,使HGP合成下降[20]。两者为完全不同的两类制
剂,前者以降低HGP合成为主,后者以提高外周组织胰岛素敏感性为主。故从发病
机理上,曲格列酮比二甲双呱似更适合PCOS患者IR的治疗。两种胰岛素效能增强剂
治疗PCOS患者有如下作用[19,20]:①降低空腹胰岛素浓度及糖耐量后的胰岛反
应浓度; ②SHBG血浓度升高0.4~2倍,游离睾酮下降;③垂体LH基础浓度及GnRH
-a刺激后的反应浓度均下降;④卵巢17α羟孕酮基础浓度及GnRH-a刺激后反应浓度
也下降;⑤约40%~50%患者恢复月经规则来潮,少数自发排卵并受孕;⑥对糖耐量
低减及血脂异常也有逆转作用。其中,二甲双呱每日剂量为1 500~1 700 mg,2~
6个月;曲格列酮每日剂量200~400 mg,3个月。
4.其他降糖药。阿卡波糖(acar- bose)为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂, 通过抑制小
肠内单链淀粉分解为葡萄糖,有效延缓葡萄糖在小肠内的吸收。PCOS患者可试用,
每日150~300mg[17]。磺脲类降糖药因刺激胰岛素分泌、加重高胰岛素血症,为
PCOS患者禁用[11]。2型糖尿病、高脂血症及高血压病是IR的代谢并发症,这些
疾病的治疗不同于相应原发病的治疗,在于避免使用诱导或加重IR及糖耐量低减的
药物,如β受体阻滞剂、大剂量利尿剂及烟酸类调脂药[11]。IR一旦发展为糖尿
病并发症,其处理与单纯2型糖尿病相同。
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