人格魅力、权力制约与法治国家
们可以发现二者历史上都曾有过人治与法治之争，但是却走上了不同的治国之路。究其原因，文化传统的大异其趣可谓是“元凶”。如前所述，在我国传统文化中儒家无疑占主导地位，而其关于人的核心理念是“人性本善论”。由此出发，在涉及治国方略时,性善论认为,既然人性是善的,就没有必要建立、健全各种法律制度,只要加强道德感化即可。只有在道德感化无法奏效的情况下,才辅之以法律,即所谓“德主刑辅”。这样,法律就成了道德的附庸。其次,在权力与法律的关系问题上,性善论支持权大于法。性善论过分相信掌权者的道德自律,迷信“圣君贤相”,从而放松了对掌权者的警惕,忽视了对权力的法律制约,导致权力凌驾于法律之上。建国后,我们对性善论的固有隐患始终缺乏清醒的认识,甚至盲目地相信“六亿神州尽舜尧”,这就使我们无法从根本上摆脱人治文化传统的羁绊，最终酿成了十年浩劫的“文化大革命”的“人祸”，这样惨痛的教训不可谓不深刻！
相反,西方文化则是一种“人性本恶论”文化。柏拉图由早年的典型人治论者转变为晚年法治论者,其重要原因可以说就是他认识到人的统治中混有“兽性因素”。因此,人类必须有法律,并且必须遵守法律。否则,他们的生活就像最野蛮的兽类一样。西方对人性的不信任从而产生法治思想,大概始于此。柏拉图的学生亚里士多德在《政治学》一书中指出,人类具有罪恶本性,失德的人会贪婪无度,成为最肮脏、最残暴的野兽,这是城邦幸福和谐生活的莫大祸害。西方基督教的“原罪说”更加剧了对人性的不信任。性恶论为法治思想奠定了文化根基。既然人性是恶的,就必须努力健全法律制度,防止人性中的贪婪成分恶性膨胀。[20]
当前,我们要实现由人治国家向法治国家的转变,就必须从根本上屏弃传统的性善论,以理性的、冷峻的甚至苛刻的眼光来审视人性。不要再奢望人格魅力或权力道德的“神话”，否则将始终被“法治面纱下的人治幽灵”所笼罩而无法建成“法治国家”。所以应加大力度宣传人民主权精神,张扬制度优先理念,树立法律至上权威。唯有如此,全社会民主法治意识才能普遍提高,也唯有如此,我们才能正确处理好国家权力与法律的关系,从而建立起真正的、民主意义上的法治国家。
Personality Glamour，Restriction of Power ，and The Country Governed of Law
key words: Personality glamour; Restriction of power; The Country governed of law
Abstract: Recently, Nanfang Daily reported the dispute personage --Chow He, Suqian of Jiangsu Province secretary of municipal Party committee carries on the reform and administrative course by the radical means.This caused a series of discuss about" Chow he Phenomenon"," Chow he Mode". The scholars express a good many opinions one after another, there are many people agree on it, while another opposite. As to this, the author thinks, during the process of running the country ruling of law in our country at present, " power morals" or" personality glamours" of leaders are indispensable, even very important, but we must not superstitious. Because it is a perceptual thing, it is not extremely reliable and even extremely dangerous, must pass the rational means --Law --Carry on power to restrict. Only by this way, can our country becomes the real one governed of law.
本文链接地址：http://www.oyaya.net/fanwen/view/146342.html
相反,西方文化则是一种“人性本恶论”文化。柏拉图由早年的典型人治论者转变为晚年法治论者,其重要原因可以说就是他认识到人的统治中混有“兽性因素”。因此,人类必须有法律,并且必须遵守法律。否则,他们的生活就像最野蛮的兽类一样。西方对人性的不信任从而产生法治思想,大概始于此。柏拉图的学生亚里士多德在《政治学》一书中指出,人类具有罪恶本性,失德的人会贪婪无度,成为最肮脏、最残暴的野兽,这是城邦幸福和谐生活的莫大祸害。西方基督教的“原罪说”更加剧了对人性的不信任。性恶论为法治思想奠定了文化根基。既然人性是恶的,就必须努力健全法律制度,防止人性中的贪婪成分恶性膨胀。[20]
当前,我们要实现由人治国家向法治国家的转变,就必须从根本上屏弃传统的性善论,以理性的、冷峻的甚至苛刻的眼光来审视人性。不要再奢望人格魅力或权力道德的“神话”，否则将始终被“法治面纱下的人治幽灵”所笼罩而无法建成“法治国家”。所以应加大力度宣传人民主权精神,张扬制度优先理念,树立法律至上权威。唯有如此,全社会民主法治意识才能普遍提高,也唯有如此,我们才能正确处理好国家权力与法律的关系,从而建立起真正的、民主意义上的法治国家。
Personality Glamour，Restriction of Power ，and The Country Governed of Law
key words: Personality glamour; Restriction of power; The Country governed of law
Abstract: Recently, Nanfang Daily reported the dispute personage --Chow He, Suqian of Jiangsu Province secretary of municipal Party committee carries on the reform and administrative course by the radical means.This caused a series of discuss about" Chow he Phenomenon"," Chow he Mode". The scholars express a good many opinions one after another, there are many people agree on it, while another opposite. As to this, the author thinks, during the process of running the country ruling of law in our country at present, " power morals" or" personality glamours" of leaders are indispensable, even very important, but we must not superstitious. Because it is a perceptual thing, it is not extremely reliable and even extremely dangerous, must pass the rational means --Law --Carry on power to restrict. Only by this way, can our country becomes the real one governed of law.
《人格魅力、权力制约与法治国家(第3页)》
★读了本文的人也读了：