肿瘤化疗辅助用药研究进展
(3)药代动力学
CF口服后几乎可被全部吸收,在肝脏及肠黏膜被代谢。可通过血脑屏障。静脉或肌肉注射后半衰期为6小时。80-90%的药物经肾脏排泄,5-8%的药物经粪便排泄。
3.不良反应
极少发生过敏反应。大剂量应用后可出现胃肠功能紊乱、失眠、抑郁或烦躁.
4.用法用量
(1)与5-FU合用时的最合适剂量目前尚不清楚,常规的方法是200-500mg/m2,在5-FU之前静脉输注2小时,随后静脉应用5-FU,一般连用5天,21-28天重复治疗。
(2)用于大剂量MTX的解救治疗。
可采用肌肉注射、静脉注射、静脉输注和口服等方法。因为CF几乎可以被完全吸收,因此不同的用药途径对CF的作用影响不大。CF解救一般在大剂量MTX治疗后2-18小时(最晚不超过24小时)开始,剂量为6-12mg/m2,随后每隔3-6小时重复同样剂量给药,一般解救应持续到72小时以上或血中MTX的浓度降到10-7M的安全值以下。如果MTX的毒性较大或血药浓度较高时,CF的解救时间应适当延长至5-7天,剂量也应加大。
CF解救治疗的同时,还要水化、碱化尿液、并给予一定的支持治疗。
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