吸烟与眼部疾病
临床病程变化,发现在吸烟者中出现Graves眼病的比例(19%)明显高于非吸烟者(8
%),并发现吸烟者血中亲甲状腺素受体水平明显升高。两者的可能关系为吸烟抑制
了碘的摄入和有机化;也可能是烟雾中的苯对交感神经系统的损害,进而影响了甲
状腺的功能。
2.6.2 斜视:Hakim等〔15〕通过对斜视幼儿发病危险因素调查,发现母亲在
孕期吸烟可使所生子女患内斜视的机率增加1.8倍;如果加上出生体重过小(小于2
500g),其危险性可增加到8.2倍。Chew等〔16〕也发现每日吸两包烟以上的孕妇,
其子女患内斜视的机率增加1.83倍,患外斜视的机率增加2.32倍。
3 小结
综上所述,吸烟是一种对人类健康有严重危害的、可预防的不良危险因素,烟
草中所含的多种有害成分对心、肺、脑血管产生损害。在眼部,主要与老年性白内
障、年龄相关性黄斑变性密切相关;还与视网膜缺血性疾病、前部缺血性视神经病
变以及烟酒中毒性弱视和Graves眼病等有关。吸烟不仅危害自身健康,而且还危害
周围人群和下一代的健康。因此,眼科医生应带头不吸烟和积极宣传戒烟;并且在
临床实践中让病人认识到吸烟对眼部组织的危害。
参考文献
1,Solberg Y,Rosner M,Belkin M.The association between cigarrette smoki
ng and ocular disease.Surv Ophthalmol,1998,42:535~547
2,Wilson M R,Hertzmark E,Walker A M,et al.A case-control study in open
angle glaucoma.Arch Ophthalmol,1987,105:1066~1071
3,Quigley H A,Enger C,Katz J,et al.Risk factors for the development of
glaucomatous visual field loss in ocular hypertension.Arch Ophthalmol,
1994,112:664~669
4,郑曰忠,王思慧,孙 蔚,等.原发性闭角型青光眼发病危险因素的病例对照研
究.中华流行病学杂志,1995,16:8~10
5,Cumming R G,Mitchell P.Alcohol,smoking and cataract.Arch Ophthalmol,
1997,115:1296~1303
6,Kaiser H J,Schoetzau A,Flammer J.Blood flow velocity in the extraocu
lar vessels in chronic smokers.Br J Ophthalmol,1997,81:133~135
7,Langhans M,Michelson G,Groh M J.Effect of breathing 100% oxygen on r
etinal and optic nerve head capillary blood flow in smokers and nonsmok
ers.Br J Ophthalmol,1997,81:365~369
8,Vingerling J R,Hofman A,Grobbee D E,et al.Age-related macular degene
ration and smoking.Arch Ophthalmol,1996,114:1193~1196
9,Smith W,Mitchell P.Smoking and age-related maculopathy.Arch&n
bsp;Ophthalm
ol,1996,114:1518~1523
10,Morgado P B,Chen H C,Patel V,et al.The acute effect of smoking on r
etinal blood flow in subjects with and without diabetes.Ophthalmology,1
994,101:1220~1226
11,Rizzo J F,Lessel S.Tobacco amblyopia.Am J Ophthalmol,1994,116:84~8
7
12,Oku H,Fukushima K,Miyata,et al.Cyanide with witamine B12 deficiency
as a eause of experimental tabacco amblyopia.Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zaash
i,1991,95:158~164
13,Chung S M,Gay C A,Mc Crary J A,Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropat
hy.Ophthalmology,1994,101:781~783
14,Tallstedt L,Lundell G,Taube A.Graves ophthalmopathy.Acta Endocrinol
,1993,129:147~150
15,Hakim R B,Tielsch J M.Maternal smoking during pregnancy.A risk
《吸烟与眼部疾病(第2页)》