成人间活体肝移植
RBW>0 8%),术后全部供者恢复良好,无持续存在的并发症,2例供者肝切面出现胆
漏经保守治疗痊愈,认为右叶供肝的LDLT是一安全而且有效的手术。供者残肝
体积小于40%的全肝体积时术后易出现胆红素廓清时间延长,大于50岁的老年供者术
后胆红素显著高于年轻者,因此在老年供者及残肝较小时应采取必要的措施以减少
并发症[28]。伴有肝硬化的小肝癌是肝移植的适应证之一,但由于尸肝的缺乏有不
少患者在等待中因肝癌扩散而变为肝移植的禁忌证。LDLT治疗肝癌的5年生存
率为70%,在等待尸肝超过3 5个月的肝癌肝移植中LDLT比尸肝移植更有效[29]
。暴发性肝衰竭由于病情进展快,也很难及时等到合适的供肝,LDLT可较快地进
行并挽救患者的生命[30]。采用两个供者的双左叶或包括尾叶的扩大左叶行成人L
DLT也在少数几个中心开展,并取得了较好的临床效果,但需进一步积累病例以评
价其确切疗效。目前我国大陆地区的成人LDLT还刚刚起步,仅少数单位开展几
例。由于LDLT对外科技术的要求非常高,加上以活体取供肝面临复杂的伦理学
问题,因此还需做大量的工作,如完善相关的法律,制定供者自愿同意的统一标准,以
及有关活体肝移植知识的宣传和普及等。可以预见在不远的将来,就像现在的尸肝
移植一样,会有越来越多的成年患者通过LDLT获得长期存活。
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