激素在尿石症成石过程中的作用
]。Lee等[10,11]动物实验发现,在同量进食0.5%乙二醇(EG)致结石饮食4周的
情况下,雄鼠尿草酸排出量明显高于雌鼠;去势雄鼠尿石症发生率为14.3%,比正常
雄鼠明显降低;皮下种植睾酮去势雄鼠尿石症发生率回升至80%;皮下种植睾酮卵
巢切除术后雌鼠尿石发生率也明显提高(40%);皮下种植睾酮正常雌鼠发病率为
10%。他认为,睾酮在尿路结石形成中有重要作用。雄激素有促进实验鼠体内草酸
钙结石的形成,其机制目前仍不清楚,估计与肝内乙酸氧化酶(GAO)的活性有关
。GAO由肝分泌,它能使体内乙二醇转变为草酸,雄激素有激活此酶活性的作用,
雌激素虽然能抑制此酶活性及增加尿枸橼酸盐的分泌,但作用甚微,至少在雄激素
作用的掩盖下,其抑制结石的效果可忽略不计。
此外,一些学者发现性激素对尿酸盐代谢也有一定的影响,如体内睾酮的下降
与胰高血糖素上升,性激素与前列腺素相互协同,据认为与门腔静脉分流术后实验
鼠尿石症几乎发生在雄性而雌性极少出现有关,其作用主要使鼠尿尿酸盐含量明显
上升,形成尿酸结石[14]。Terada等[15]认为雄雌激素相互作用可诱发组织增
生及矿物质沉积,引起膀胱结石和肿瘤。■
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