政治竞争导论(上)西南政法大学硕士学位论文
</Script> 指导教师：宋玉波 教授
作 者：段明学
中国·重庆
二OO二年四月
科学之光普遍照耀，已使人人得见这一明显的真理：人类并非广大群众生来背上带有鞍座，而少数人穿着带刺的长靴、独蒙上帝的恩准可以合法地来乘骑他们的。
---- [美]托马斯·杰斐逊
政治领域内没有了竞争，人民就会软弱无能，这是再明显不过的道理。正是政治组织之间的竞争才向民众提供了作出选择的机会。没有这种机会，人民主权就等于零。
----[美]E·E·谢茨施耐德
内 容 提 要
政治竞争是现代民主政治的基本标志。然而，长期以来，我们将政治竞争与资本主义联系在一起，不敢或不屑于对此问题进行研究。其实，与市场经济没有阶级性一样，政治竞争也没有阶级性。哪个阶级利用它，它就为哪个阶级服务。加强对政治竞争的研究，已成为中国政治转型和政治学面临的一个全新课题，本文试图填补这一空白。
全文共分四个部分。第一部分，政治竞争基本理论研究。主要探讨了政治竞争的内涵、基本特征，关于政治竞争的学说，政治竞争的作用等基本理论问题。第二部分，西方政治竞争透视。本部分客观地论述了西方政治竞争产生的历史条件，政治竞争的表现形式，西方政治竞争的本质、特色及影响等内容。第三部分，中国政治竞争的历史考察。对20世纪中国政治竞争从初步建立到消亡的历史及其成败原因作了一个理性的分析。第四部分，政治竞争：中国政治民主化的未来。主要探讨了政治竞争与中国民主政治的关系，中国实行政治竞争，走向政治民主化的现实对策及其措施。
全文主要运用了理论与实际、历史与现实相结合的研究方法，其价值在于通过对政治竞争的理论和实践、历史和现实的分析，为我国政治发展提供一个新的理论视角。
Abstract
The political competition is a primary symbol of modern democratic politics. However, it has long been associated with capitalism, which in turn discourages us to study the subject or we may just disdain to study it .Actually, political competition as well as market economy does not connote class distinctions ,instead, it serves whoever making use it. It has become a compelling task for political studies by the twist of China’s political system to make a closer study of the political competition.
The following article consists of four parts. Part one studies the primary theories of political competition, in which the connotation of political competition and its main features, its principal theories and functions are discussed. Part two deals with western political competition, in which its historical background, the way it displays itself, its nature, characters and influences will be observed. Part three studies, with a historical perspective, the political competition in china, in which a rational analysis of past experience and why it rose and fell will be studies. The last but no t the least part intends to suggest that the political democratization in china depends much on political competition. In this part, much attention is focused on the relationship between political competition and democratic politics in china and on the compelling situation that china copes with on its way to political democratization.
The article combines theory and practice as well as history and reality .It aims to provide a new theoretical point of view for the political developme 《政治竞争导论(上)西南政法大学硕士学位论文》
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作 者：段明学
中国·重庆
二OO二年四月
科学之光普遍照耀，已使人人得见这一明显的真理：人类并非广大群众生来背上带有鞍座，而少数人穿着带刺的长靴、独蒙上帝的恩准可以合法地来乘骑他们的。
---- [美]托马斯·杰斐逊
政治领域内没有了竞争，人民就会软弱无能，这是再明显不过的道理。正是政治组织之间的竞争才向民众提供了作出选择的机会。没有这种机会，人民主权就等于零。
----[美]E·E·谢茨施耐德
内 容 提 要
政治竞争是现代民主政治的基本标志。然而，长期以来，我们将政治竞争与资本主义联系在一起，不敢或不屑于对此问题进行研究。其实，与市场经济没有阶级性一样，政治竞争也没有阶级性。哪个阶级利用它，它就为哪个阶级服务。加强对政治竞争的研究，已成为中国政治转型和政治学面临的一个全新课题，本文试图填补这一空白。
全文共分四个部分。第一部分，政治竞争基本理论研究。主要探讨了政治竞争的内涵、基本特征，关于政治竞争的学说，政治竞争的作用等基本理论问题。第二部分，西方政治竞争透视。本部分客观地论述了西方政治竞争产生的历史条件，政治竞争的表现形式，西方政治竞争的本质、特色及影响等内容。第三部分，中国政治竞争的历史考察。对20世纪中国政治竞争从初步建立到消亡的历史及其成败原因作了一个理性的分析。第四部分，政治竞争：中国政治民主化的未来。主要探讨了政治竞争与中国民主政治的关系，中国实行政治竞争，走向政治民主化的现实对策及其措施。
全文主要运用了理论与实际、历史与现实相结合的研究方法，其价值在于通过对政治竞争的理论和实践、历史和现实的分析，为我国政治发展提供一个新的理论视角。
Abstract
The political competition is a primary symbol of modern democratic politics. However, it has long been associated with capitalism, which in turn discourages us to study the subject or we may just disdain to study it .Actually, political competition as well as market economy does not connote class distinctions ,instead, it serves whoever making use it. It has become a compelling task for political studies by the twist of China’s political system to make a closer study of the political competition.
The following article consists of four parts. Part one studies the primary theories of political competition, in which the connotation of political competition and its main features, its principal theories and functions are discussed. Part two deals with western political competition, in which its historical background, the way it displays itself, its nature, characters and influences will be observed. Part three studies, with a historical perspective, the political competition in china, in which a rational analysis of past experience and why it rose and fell will be studies. The last but no t the least part intends to suggest that the political democratization in china depends much on political competition. In this part, much attention is focused on the relationship between political competition and democratic politics in china and on the compelling situation that china copes with on its way to political democratization.
The article combines theory and practice as well as history and reality .It aims to provide a new theoretical point of view for the political developme 《政治竞争导论(上)西南政法大学硕士学位论文》
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