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英语教案-In the library


sp;                                          

  ago与before 是两个表示“以前”的概念的单词。在用法上,它们的区别是较大的。

   1)ago和一般过去时的动词连用,表现现在以前的过去时间,它不能用于完成时态,例如:

  Your friend was here a week ago, wasnt he? Of course he was.

  before可以和完成时态连用,也常常与never连用,表示在早先或过去的某时间的“以前”。

例如:

  I never met him before. Hes new to me.

  下面以three years ago和three years before为例来进行比较。three years ago用于过去时态,

表示从今天算起的“三年以前”;而three year before用于过去完成时态,表示从三年以前算

起的过去。试看下面的比较:

  A. I met him three years ago. Weve been friends for 3 years.

  B. I had met him three years before. I met you in 1992.

  句A表示:“(从今天算起)三年前我遇见过他。”句B表示:“(从三年前追溯起)三年前我遇见过他一次。”

  2) 另外before与ago单纯在形式上的区别是before可以单独使用,ago必须与别的表示时间的词连用。例如:

  I have read it before. It is a very good novel.

  I read it 3 years ago. But I cant remember everything about it.

例  Have you found the book? Yes, I _____it five minutes_______.

  A. have found, before      B. found, before

  C. has found, ago          D. found, ago

  解析 ago表示从现在算起的多少时间以前,用于一般过去式的句子中,before则表示从过去看的某时间以前或泛指以前,常见于完成时态。从本句的答语“我5分钟前找到的”中,可以判断是从现在算起的五分钟前,故选D。

full与fill

  (1)fill v.把……填满,常与with连用。如:

  Please fill the bags with rice. Weve got to take them to the poor family in the village.

  fill也可以表示状态。相当与 be filled with。如:

   Smoke filled the room. = The room was filled with smoke.房间里浓烟弥漫。

  (2)fill in填入、填写、塞满,如:

  –Please fill in your telephone number and your name.

  –OK, But may I borrow your pen?

  –What shall I do if I want to find a job here?

  –Fill in the application form.

  (3)full adj. 满的,充满的。其结构是be full of=be filled with,如:

  The basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled with apples.Enough for all of us.

  The bag full of books is mine. Please carry it for me, Its too heavy.

lose与 miss

  1)两者都表示“丢失”。lose的语气较强,含有丢失后不易找到;miss含有“发现丢失”之意。在很多情况下两者可换用。例如:

  You said you have lost your watch. When did you miss it? 你说把手表丢了,你什么时候丢的?

  2)lose通常用过去分词(lost)作定语或表语;而miss则用其ing形式(missing)作表语或定语。例如:

Is there anything missing (Is there anything lost) ?

  Nothing, so far as I know.

on与about

  二者都是介词,意为“关于,论及”等,一般情况下,二者可以互相替换,但二者有点区别:about常用于简单的或浅显的论述等,是一般用语,多用于讲故事,谈话;思考等;on多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等,具有学术性,如:

  The teacher told us a story about Lei Feng. Its very moving.

  He will give us a talk on the history of the Party.他将给我们做个关于党史的报告。

正误例析

  今天下午我们将听一个关于非洲历史演讲

  误:Were going to listen to a lecture about African history his afternoon.

  正:Were going to listen to a lecture on African history this afternoon.

  析:介词about和on都可以作“关于”解。on表示一本书、文章或演讲是严肃的、学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人们参考;about则表示其内容比较通俗,一般人都可阅读。

  the lost books 丢失的书。

  The book was still missing.书还是找不到。

  lost=missing丢失的。英语中单个分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)也能作定语用,它们一般放在名词的前面。又如:a stolen car一辆失窃的汽车;a broken wind。一扇破的窗;the giving name教名,名;a surprised girl一位感到吃惊的女孩。

come up with

  come up with= find or produce (an answer)意为“提出,提供”,它是由动词和介词一起构成的短语动词。它的另一个意思是“赶上”。例如:

  I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能提出个更好的计划。

  We shall have to work hard to come up with them. 我们要努力工作,赶上他们。

类似的词组有:

  catch up with  come in for pay for

  pay for意为“给……报酬”,“付款”。常见句型有:(1) pay for+货物,(2) pay+名词/代词+for+物。例如:

  How much did you pay for that book?那本书你付了多少钱?

  Ill pay you five yuan for it.我将为此给你五元钱。

  Im afraid cant pay you anything for it.我恐怕不能为此给你任何报酬。

  She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她以前是一位语文老师。

  used to意为“过去经常”,它只有过去式,用于各种人称的单、复数,表示过去存在的,

  但现在已经停止的情况或习惯,后接动词原形。例如:

  They used to come on foot,but they don’t do that again. They often come by bus. 他们过去经常步行来,现在不了。他们经常乘车来。

  used to是表示过去经常重复的动作。在表示过去的习惯时,used to是比较规则的习惯,它与would不太一样,would侧重于叙述过去的光景,used to侧重于和现在相对照。

  used to的疑问形式和否定形式可以用助词did或自身形成构成。美国人多用助动词  did;英国人多用used to本身。如:

  –Did you use to go there?

  –Yes, very often./No, only seldom.

  I used not to like Beijing opera, but now I’m very fond of it.我过去不喜欢京戏,但现在非常喜欢。
  他过去不常抽烟。

  注意区分be used to所表示的意思是“习惯于……”,后跟名词或动名词,used是一个形容词。例如:

I’m not used to drinking.我不习惯喝酒。

  She is used to running in the morning.她习惯早上跑步。

have got

  I think

《英语教案-In the library(第10页)》
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