初二下学期 Unit 26 Mainly revision

教学目标

　　知识目标：

1．Words and phrases: rob, hard-working, art, at the moment, set, set off, pleasant, here and there, on watch, look out, in front, hole, sink, life, lifeboat, make room for, take one’s place, thankful, war, information, noisy, penguin, pink, shellfish, lay, pretty, toe, yip, yippee, rob, human, Titanic, iceberg, Boston, Californian

　　2．日常交际用语：

　　复习第21-25单元中的日常交际用语。

　　3．语法：

　　复习第21-25单元中的语法项目。

　　能力目标：

　　1．使学生能够根据教师设计的情景，利用这五个单元所学日常交际用语进行口头和笔头练习。

　　2.使学生能够对这五个单元所学的语法项目进行归纳总结。

　　3.使学生能够读懂第102课课文，回答课后的问题，并能根据上下文判断出生词的大意。

　　4.使学生能够听懂与课本难度相当的听力材料。

　　情感态度目标

　　Evans小姐能在“泰坦尼克号”即将沉没的紧急关头把自己的座位让给别人，自己却丧身于这次海难之中。这个生动的事实，充分说明了Evans小姐为了别人，勇于牺牲自己的高风亮节。她值得我们每一个人敬重和学习，教师应教育学生要象Evans小姐一样做一个高尚的人，一个有利于别人的人。教育学生见义勇为，舍己为人。增加学生的环保意识。

 

教学建议

　　教学内容分析

　　本单元是复习单元。它综合了从第二十一单元到第二十五单元的所有语法知识和相关交际项目。除了要复习以前所学知识外，还要掌握本单元的词汇、用语等，特别是比较级的用法。复习的语法项目有：构词法、过去进行时、形容词比较级、little, few, neither等词的用法，以及句子的类型等。教学内容还有两篇长篇幅的阅读文章等。Lesson 101主要是复习过去进行时和形容词的比较级和最高级形式和有关句型，学生在熟悉结构的同时，能根据教师设计的情景灵活运用。Lesson 102主要是一篇阅读课文，文中生词较多，目的是提高学生阅读水平。Lesson 102的课文学习，要融思想品德教育于其中，学习Miss Evans的高尚品德和无私的奉献精神。我们可带着如下问题去学习：What do you know about Titanic? Can you tell us something about Miss Evans? Lesson 103主要是以口语练习为主组织学生就最喜欢的电影和电影明星进行讨论，本课还复习了复句和few, little, either, or的用法。Lesson 104主要是关于构词法的内容和听力内容，我们要掌握部分构词规律，这样有助于我们进一步扩大我们的词汇量。还有一个写假条的练习，我们要掌握书写请假条的格式。另外还有一篇补充阅读文章。

　　课文背景分析

　　《Miss Evans》为篇故事，讲述了发生在近百年前的一次真实的航海悲剧。当时英国制造出一艘当时世界上最大最先进的轮船Titanic（泰坦尼克号）。它在第一次试航时撞上了冰山，船上当时有大约2200名游客，救生艇又很少，只有一小部分人，主要是妇女、儿童、乘救生艇逃得性命。有1500多人丧失了生命，其中就有本文提到的Miss Evans埃文斯小姐。

　　有关口语的教学建议

　　1．教师在讲授课文中有关介绍电影内容之前,先做一个Brain storming 的练习，组织小组讨论Which film have you seen? 将学生提到的电影名写到黑板上，然后提问学生Which is your favorites film? Can you tell me the story of the film?

　　What is the film about? How do you like it? 教师可以给出一些词让学生根据这些词进行回答.例如：wonderful, exciting, attractive, sad。

　　2．教师在复习过去进行时时,可以让学生进行角色表演。一个同学扮演警察其他几个同学扮演可疑人物。除了教科书的练习以外还可以设计以下情景: 教师可以出示一些同学的旧照片在黑板上，然后进行提问: Who is he/she? What was she doing? What time was it? Were the boys playing football?

 

（May 1,1998）　（yesterday afternoon）　（three days ago）　（at nine yesterday morning）

　　有关形容和副词的比较级的教学建议

　　3．复习形容和副词的比较级时，教师可以将学生分成以5到6人的小组, 第一个学生说:I think Math is not as interesting as English. 第二名同学说:Jim thinks Math is not as interesting as English. I think English is as popular as Chinese.让同学接二连三的讲下去，直到本组最后一名同学。

　　关于语言运用的教学

　　本单元是复习单元，教学内容较多，教师在教学过程中除了对具体的语言项目进行复习以外应注重提高学生归纳总结和综合运用语言的能力。

　　在第101课中出现了以下4个句型，估计学生在理解上有一些困难，老师必须向学生作一些必要的讲解，然后通过练习加以巩固。

　　l. Who do you think is the best m physics in your class？

　　（1）句中的do you think是一个插入语。特殊疑问句中的这类插入请必须用疑问式，其位置在特殊疑问词和主语之间，且特殊疑问句中的助动词／情态动词不能提到主语前。例如：

　　When do you think they will be back? 

　　What do you know he is doing？

　　如果特殊疑问词是句子主语的话，则这类插入语在特殊疑问词和谓语动词之间。例如：

　　Which do you think is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth？

　　（2）上述例句中的插入语（画线部分）都可以提到句子开头，即：

　　Do you think when they will be back？

　　Do you think what he is doing？

　　Do you think which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth？

　　2. What is the most popular song at the moment?

　　the most popular是形容词popular的最高级形式。对这些多音节（包括三音节）形容词、副词来说，其比较级、最高级是通过more，most构成，即比较级为more + 形容词/副词原级，最高级most + 形容词/副词原级。例如：

　　careful→more  careful→most careful

　　dangerous→more dangerous→most dangerous

　　quickly→more quickly→most quickly

　　3. Science is not as popular as Chinese.

　　not so（as）+ 形容词/副词原级 + as表示“甲在某一方面不如乙”。例如：

　　It is not so warm today as yesterday. You must wear more clothes.

　　He didn’t come as early as Li Lei. I think he may got up late.

　　as+ 形容词/副词原级 + as表示“甲与乙在某一方面程度相同”。在肯定句中第一个 as不能换成so。例如：

　　This lesson is as easy as that one. We can understand it without your help.

　　He writes as carefully as his brother. But his handwriting is not as good as his brother’s.

　　有关阅读的教学建议

　　1．教师在讲解102课阅读时引入阶段可以先播放电影titanic的歌曲，使学生在音乐中进入情景，同时可以激发学生的学习兴趣。

　　 2．教师在讲解104课阅读引入阶段时教师可以出示一张企鹅的图片，再进行介绍。

　　This is a picture of Penguin.  It lives in the ice land. Is it lovely？

　　　　Do you like it?

　　3．教师在讲授102课时重点突破单词关，本课生词较多是学生一大难点，教师可以先让学生阅读下列句子，根据句意判断出生词的大意，然后在阅读全文。

　　1）Set off: The ship will set off from Tianjin and she will arrive in Shanghai in three days.

　　2）Look out: look out！It is dangerous.

　　3）Take one’s place: Jane has taken your place; you are not the head any more.

　　4）Make room for me: Mary asked: “Make a little room for me. It is cold outside.” 

　　4．第102课讲述了一位平凡而伟大的女性在人类历史上最严重的海难发生时所表现出的崇高思想品质。文中出现了大约17个新单词，为了给学生扫清阅读中的障碍，可采用先讲解单词后让学生阅读的方法。在讲解单词中介绍出课文的基本内容。如教单词Titanic时老师可以说出这样的一段话。Titanic was the largest and finest ship at that time. ①set off: One afternoon on in April 1912, a new ship named Titanic set off from England to America on its first trip. ②pleasant: Though the weather was cold. the trip was pleasant. ③iceberg: People in the ship could see icebergs here I and there, because it was very cold.等等，这种双管齐下的教学方法一方面能使学生的注意力高度集中，同时也训练他们的听力。老师讲解完单词以后，让学生快速阅读课文，接着做练习册第102课中的练习1。

　　5．教师组织学生讨论If you were Miss Evans, what can you do at that time? 讨论后，教师组织学生就这个题目写一篇短文。

　　写作建议

　　建议学生改写课文，以Miss Evens 的口吻，写一篇短文。题目：On the Titanic.

　　学法建议

　　1．熟练掌握单词、词组和固定短语是学好英语的关键。本学期我们总共学了400多个单词，150多个词组和固定短语，同学们一定要采用科学的方法加以记忆。

　　2．学好语言重在朗读和运用。对于所学的课文一定要反复朗读，有的甚至能背诵。同时根据所学课文内容作一些模仿性的写作训练。熟能生巧，只要不断坚持口头和书面练习，同学们的英语水平一定能得到不断提高。第102课及第104课中的两篇小短文故事情节都比较完整，在老师的指导下，学生可以故事的形式用英文将其主要内容表达出来。

　　3．本单元是复习单元，着重复习、操练形容词的比较级，过去进行时及构词法。对于各种语法现象不能单纯记忆他们的概念和用法，而要放在具体的语言环境中去体会和掌握。

词汇辨析

　　1. look out/ be careful/ take care

　　三者均有“小心、当心、注意”之意，常用于祈使句或警告对方时的用语。look out语气最强，用于某种紧急的情况或者可能出现危险的场合；take care语气不那么强，多用于对可能出现的不测作出预先的提醒或警告；be careful是一般的警告或劝告用语，可用于各种情况。如：

　　Look out！You’ll hit that car．当心！你要撞上那辆汽车了。

　　Look out for the rock in the river. （后接for短语）小心河里的石头。

　　It’s the first time for you to travel alone．You must take care．这是你第一次独自旅行，一定要小心。

　　take care后可接动词不定式短语或that从句，从句谓语动词用一般现在时。如：

　　Take care not to break the glass．小心别打了杯子。

　　Take care (that) all the doors are locked. 不要大意，要把所有的门锁好。

　　be careful可单独使用，也可跟动词不定式或of／with短语。如：

　　Be careful not to lose the key．当心不要丢了钥匙。

　　You’ d better be careful with your handwriting. 你最好书写认真些。

　　Be careful of your health．爱护你的身体。

　　2. take one’s place/take place /take a place as

　　l）take one’s place，中one’s如果与主语一致，意为“就座，就位”；one’s如果与主语不一致，则表示“坐某人的座位”或“代替某人的职务、工作等（相当于 take the place of…）。”如：

　　Please take your place. The meeting will begin。请各就各位，会议就要开始了。

　　If there is no room for you there, take my place here．如果那边没有空位，坐我的位置吧。

　　Who ill take Mr. Green’s place?（=Who ill take the place of Mr. Green?）谁将代替格林先生？

　　2）take place表示“发生，举行”之意，为不及物动词短语。如：

　　The story took place on June 4th，1980．这个故事发生于1980年6月4日。

　　When did the party take place？晚会何时举办的？

　　3）take a place as意思是“（应聘）担任……”。如：

　　He took a place as manager of the company．他应聘担任了公司经理。

　　3. die/ lose one’s life/ kill

　　这组词语都含有“死”的意义，但用法不同。

　　l）die是不及物动词，为普通用语，指生命的终止、生物停止呼吸。可以指自然死亡、意外死亡以及因疾病、负伤等原因而“死”；die用于进行时态表示“即将死去”之意。如：

　　His grandfather died three days ago．他祖父三天前去世了。

　　Six children died in the accident．事故中死了六个小孩。

　　He died of heart illness．他死于心脏病。

　　The old man is dying．那位老人快不行了。

　　2）lose one’s life为特殊用语，仅指由于意外事故、战争等不可抗力而造成的死亡，为意外死亡。如：

　　Many people lost their lives in the war．战争中有许多人丧生。

　　He jumped into the river to save the boy and lost his life．他跳进河中为救那个男孩牺牲了。

　　How many people lost their lives in the earthquake？地震中有多少人丧生？

　　3）kill是及物动词，表示杀死的事实。如：

　　The farmers killed a lot of locusts．农夫们杀死了许多蝗虫。

　　4. please, pleasure, pleased, pleasant

　　please 作动词是“请，使高兴的意思”，不能和be动词连用。

　　例如：Please come in. The door is opened.

　　pleasure 是名词，意思是“高兴” 指人的情绪。

　　例如: A: Thank you.

　　B: It doesn’t matter. It is my pleasure.

　　pleasant 是形容词，意思是“愉快的，快乐的”，可以修饰人也可以修饰物。

　　例如：The trip is pleasant. But I feel a bit tired.

　　pleased做形容词意思是“高兴的, 愉快的”但是它的主语通常指人.

　　例如：Your mother will be pleased if you send her a gift on his birthday.

　　5. few, a few, little, a little

 

有些（表示肯定）

几乎没有（表示否定）

修饰可数名词

A few

Few

修饰不可数名词

A little

Little

　　例如：

　　I have a few apples. But I have little water in my bottle. Mary has a little water but she has few pears.

　　6.people/person/ human

　　  people表示“人、人们”，只用单数形式，但表示复数意义；person（=a man，woman or child）是“人”的普通说法，其复数形式通常用people代之；human意思是“人、人类”，以区别于动物、鬼神之类，其复数形式为humans。例如：

　　The young person is a policeman. 那个年轻人是个警察。

　　  A lot of people speak English. 许多人说英语。

　　  That was the beginning of the life of humans. 那就是人类生活的开始。

学构词法

　　在英语中，构词方法有三种，即合成、派生和转换。

　　一、合成

　　把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法就叫做合成。如：

　　class + room→classroom　　every + body→everybody

　　black + board→blackboard　news + paper→newspaper

　　二、派生

　　在一个单词前或后加一个词缀，变成一个新词，这种构词法叫做派生。词缀有两种，加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。如：

　　polite→impolite　　true→untrue

　　friend→friendly 　　good→goodness

　　三、转换

　　将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类，叫做转换。如：

　　use由动词“使用”转义为名词“用途”

　　slow由形容词“慢的”转义为动词“放慢”

　　[练习]

　　一、判断下面每组词是否属同一种构词方法，属同一种构词方法的打“√”，反之打“×”。

　　(　)l. children computer interesting

　　(　)2. keyboard playhouse raincoat

　　(　)3. moonlight supermarket foggy

　　(　)4. mouth-to-mouth get-together daytime

　　二、根据构词法，用所给词构成另一个新词：

　　1. health_____　　2.metre_____　　3.use_____

　　4.write_____　　　5.birth_____　　6.sun_____

　　7.art_____　　　　8.business_____ 　9.play_____

　　Keys:

　　一、1. √　2. √　3. ×

　　二、1. healthy　2. kilometer　3. useful/useless　4. writer　5. birthday　6. sunlight/sunny　7. artist　8. businessman/businesswoman　9. player/playground

疑难解析

　　1.Mrs.Jones’ house was robbed last night.昨晚琼斯夫人家遭抢劫了。

　　本句是被动语态，rob是及物动词，意思是“抢劫，盗取”。was robbed是被动语态，它的结构是：be + 过去分词。如果说“抢劫某人的东西”，则用句型：rob sb. of sth.如：

　　They robbed the bank last night. 昨晚他们抢劫了银行。

　　The robber robbed the man of his money. 强盗抢走了那人的钱。

　　The woman's bag was robbed by a young man. 那个妇女的包被一个年轻抢走了。

　　2. Who is the most popular singing star at the moment? 谁是当今最流行的歌星？

　　the most popular是形容词popular的最高级形式。popular是一个多音节的形容词，多音节形容词的最高级形式不是在其后面加est，而是在其前加most。如：interesting－most interesting，beautiful—beautiful等。

　　at the moment意为“此刻、现在、目前”。如：

　　The number is busy at the moment. Try it again in five minutes.您拨打的号码现在忙，请五分钟后再试一次。

　　3. Maths is as interesting as English. 数学与英语一样有意思。

　　“as +原级+as…”结构用于两者间的平级比较，意为：“……和……一样”。如：Li Lei is as tall as Wu Ming．李雷与吴明一样高。它的否定形式为：not（so）as…as，意思为：……不如……。如： Han Mei is not as hard-working as Wei Hua. 韩梅不如魏华用功。

　　4. One afternoon in April 1912, a new ship set off from England to American on its first trip.1912年四月的一个下午，一艘新船从英国出发，开始了去美国的首次航行。

　　1) set off是“出发”的意思，同义词组为“set out”。如：

　　She set off for Japan to take part in the World Table Tennis Competition last week. 她上星期去日本参加世界乒乓球比赛。

　　2) from…to…“从……到……”，它可以修饰地点，如此句中from England to American从英国到美国；也可以修饰时间，如：

　　Every day he reads from 8 to 11 in the morning, writes from 2 to 5 in the afternoon, watches TV from 7 to 10 at night and then goes to bed. 他每天上午从八点到十一点看书，下午从两点到五点写作，晚上从七点到十点看电视，然后去睡觉。

　　3) trip（旅行）是名词，它的动词形式为：travel。

　　5. Please make room for me. 请给我让出点地方来。

　　make room for somebody / something 意思是“给某人／某物让出空地方”。room在这里是“空间，地方”的意思，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a，“一点儿地方”为a little room,“足够的地方”为enough room。如：

　　There’s no room here. Let’s go to other place. 这儿没地方了，咱们去别的地方吧。

　　Please move along and make room for me．请动一动给我让点地方。

　　Can you make room on that shelf for some more books? 你能在那个书架腾出点地方多放几本书吗？

　　6. She got out and the thankful mother joined her children in the lifeboat. 她下了船，心怀感激的母亲和她救生船上的孩子来在了一起。

　　thankful是形容词，它是由名词thank加后缀ful构成的，我们把此类词称为派生词。如：help-helpful，use-useful等。

　　7. More than 1500 people lost their lives. 有一千五百多人丧生。

　　1) more than意思是“多于……”，它的反义词组是：less than“少于……”。如：

　　More than three hundred people took part in the sports meeting yesterday. 昨天有三百多人参加了运动会。

　　Five is less than six. 五比六少。

　　2)lose one’s life意思是“献出生命、丧生、死去”。同义词是die。如：

　　Many people lost their lives in the war. 战争中很多人丧生。

　　8. Now I’m writing to you to ask for sick leave.现在我给你写信请病假。

　　1)write to意思是“给……写信”。如：

　　Please write to me when you get to London. 你到伦敦后请给我写信。

　　2) ask for“请求”，ask for sick leave是“请病假”，leave在本句中是名词。另外，“请……天假”也可以用ask for…off来表示。如：

　　She asked for sick leave yesterday. 昨天她请了病假。

　　I'm going to ask for a day off tomorrow.  明天我打算请一天假。

 

Lesson 101 教学设计方案

　　Teaching Objectives:

　　1. the Past Continuous Tense;

　　2. the Superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs;

　　Language focus:

　　1. The Past Continuous Tense

　　2. The Superlative forms

　　the most popular, the best

　　3. as. . .as; not so/as. . .as

　　4. The subjects they learn.

　　Chinese, English, maths, physics, politics, art, PE, music, history, geography, biology, chemistry

　　5. New words

　　rob, hard-working

　　Properties: Overhead projector, some objects

　　Teaching procedures:

　　Step 1 Revision

　　Revise the Past Continuous Tense

　　Say This is Mrs. Liu. She lives in Beijing. Yesterday, she was very busy. Here is what she did:

　　 9:00 left home

　　10:00 arrived at Beijing Airport

　　11:00 got on the plane

　　2:00 arrived in Guangzhou

　　3:00 had a meeting

　　7:00 ate supper

　　9:00 turned on the TV

　　10:00 went to bed

　　Ask: What was Mrs. Liu doing at 3:15? (She was having a meeting.)

　　Ask about other times: 9:30; 10:45; 7:15, etc.

　　Step 2 Ask and answer

　　Show the students the pictures and ask what they were doing between 12:00 and 3:00 last night.

　　Help them find out the answer.

　　Play the video: Lesson101 Ask and answer

　　Explain the word rob.

　　Rob means “to steal money or property from a person, bank” etc.

　　Robber is a person who steals money or property.

　　Let four students stand in line, the other student acts as a policeman. Ask and answer the questions. Then change the students.

　　Step 3 Revision

　　Revise the comparative forms of these adjective.

 

Shanghai　　　　　　　　　　Wuhan

　　Wuhan is not so big as Shanghai.

　　  Ann is not so as tall as Han Mei. But she is as clever as Han Mei.

　　Show two different books and saying: This book is as interesting as that one.

　　Give the students some words to make sentences by using “as …as, not as … as”

　　1. rice, noodles, dumplings, mooncake, porridge, etc. . . . ( not) as delicious as. . .

　　2. basketball, football, volleyball, tennis, baseball, etc. . . . ( not) as interesting as. . .

　　3. elephants, monkeys, dogs, horses, tigers, lions, etc. . . . ( not) as big/lovely/ strong, etc. as. . .

　　Step 4 Practise

　　Ask “What do you think is the most popular subject in your class? Who is the most popular TV star at the moment?”  “What do you think about maths and English? etc.

　　Teach the new words: hard-working, art, at the moment

　　Get the students to ask and answer questions about different subjects.

　　Step 5 Exercises in class

　　Fill in the blanks with proper forms of adjectives.

　　(1) Paul is_________(hard-working) than his sister.

　　(2)The door is_________(wide) than that door.

　　(3)I think that Titanic is_________(good) film I have seen recently.

　　(4)This car is_________(expensive)than that one.

　　(5)Jane is eighteen years old, Mike is nineteen and Charlie is twenty-one. Jane is the ________ (young) and Charlie is the________(old) .

　　( 6 ) Where is _________ ( near) bus- stop?

　　(7) He is one of_________(famous) singers of the day.

　　(8) Even_________(clever) person in the world could not solve the problem.

　　(9) Which is_________, gold or iron? (heavy)

　　(10) Which is _________ day of the year? (long)

　　(11) The _________ ( careful ) person can sometimes make mistakes.

　　(12)With a lot of practice he became_________ and________(good)at English.

　　(13)The little boy is_________(handsome) as his father.

　　(14) It's much________(hard) to learn to drive than to learn to ride.

　　(15)He doesn't have as_________(many)books as his classmates.

　　Keys: (1) more hard-working  (2 ) wider  (3) (the) best  (4) more expensive  (5) youngest, oldest  (6) the nearest  (7) the most famous  (8) the cleverest  (9) heavier  (10) the longest  (11) most careful  (12)better, better  (13)as handsome  (14)harder  (15)many

　　Step 6 Homework

　　1. Review the grammar for today.

　　2. Prepare sth. about “Titanic” (film or the accident) .

　　3. Do exercises on page 127. Finish off the workbook exercises.

　　Writing on blackboard

1. Ask and answer

        Ask the policeman’s questions according the following pictures.

     2. Practise.

(1)   

(2)

     3. Comparison of adjectives as. . .as/not as( so) . . .as

     (1) Maths is as interesting as English.

(2) Science is not as popular as Chinese.

《初二下学期 Unit 26 Mainly revision》