上学期 Unit 6 Mainly revision
allow sb. to do sth. 意思为“允许某人做某事”。 相当于宾语时，必须接不定式。如：
They don’t allow children to go into that room.= They don’t let children to into that room.
他们不允许孩子进入那个房间。
I allowed him to use my room.= I let him use my room.
我让他使用我的房间。
当allow后接不接人称代词或名词时，后面的动词须用 –ing 形式，而不能用不定式。如：
My parents don’t allow us to smoke. Smoking is not allowed both at home and at school.
我父母不允许吸烟。
注意：这一用法中的allow不能用let替换。
3. In 1943 Jacques Cousteau and his friend made it possible by inventing the scuba machine.
1943年雅克·库斯托和他的朋友发明了水下呼吸器，才能使这成为可能。
make在这里是“使得”的意思，后接不带to的动词不定式。“make sb. do sth.” 意为“让 / 使得某人做某事”。make后还可以跟形容词作宾补。如：
The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day.
老板让工人们一天工作十二小时。
His mother was ill. This bad news made him sad.
他的母亲病了，这个坏消息使他很难过。
4. He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish.
他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。
(1) amazed 使（某人）感到惊奇。
She amazed us by dancing so beautifully. That’s why we enjoyed every minute of the party.
她舞跳得如此美，使我们很惊奇，这也使我们聚会时度过了美好时光。
be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。如：
We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is.
北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。
She was amazed by what she saw in China. She is now planning to bring her whole family here next month.
她在中国所见到的情景使她感到惊奇。她正打算下个月把家人都接来。
(2) fish 指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词，指“鱼的种类”时是可数名词。单复同形指“同一种类的鱼”，而fishes复数形式指不同种类的鱼。如：
We had fish for dinner.
我们正餐吃鱼。
We caught five fish.
我们抓到了五条鱼。
There are many kinds of fishes in the lake.
湖里有各种各样的鱼。
5. However, when he returned some years later, the colourful coral reefs were dead and grey.
然而，多年以后，当他回来时，艳丽多彩的珊瑚礁已经死了，变成灰色的了。
however conj. 然而；可是；不过；但是
Certainly he agreed. However, I won’t agree,
他当然同意了，然而我不同意。
注：however与but的区别在于，前者较为正式，but不能置于句首，而however 可以置于句首，句中或句末。置于句中时，前后用分号隔开的情况较多。
6. Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean.
由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。
（1）since与because的区别在于，since常用于指众所周知的原因，而Because常用来回答Why的提问。
Since we are young, we should do more for our country.
既然我们年轻，我们应当多为国家做事。
— Why is Kate absent? 凯特为什么迟到了？
— Because she is ill. 因为她病了。
since的另外一种用法，是表示“自从……以来”。
Where have you been since I last saw you?
上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is a week since we arrived here.
我们到这里来已经有一个礼拜了。
（2）本句中cover的用法，意思是“用……遮盖；覆盖”。
Snow covered the ground.
雪覆盖了地面。
She cried and covered her face with her hands.
她哭了，用手蒙住了脸。
The desk was covered with dust.= Dust covered the desk.
书桌上布满了灰尘。
7． …, he encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
……，他鼓励每个人加入到保护我们的河流、湖泊和海洋的行动中来，take part in意为“参加（活动）”一般表示在活动中还承担一定的职责。
He always takes an active part in all kinds of activities in school.他总是积极参加学校的各种活动。
join也有参加的意思，但是该词主要强调参加某项组织。如：He joined the party when he was eighteen years old.他十八岁就入了党。
8.— … but I’ve gone scuba diving.
— So have I.
— ……但是我去潜水了。
— 我也去了。
“So＋be/情态动词/助动词＋主语”这种简略结构表示“某人也……”如：I like green very much. So does Lily.
我喜欢绿色，莉莉也喜欢。
Tom can swim, so can I.
汤姆会游泳，我也会游。
She is a student. So are they.
她是学生，他们也是。
I went to the zoo yesterday. So did Mary.
昨天我去了动物园，玛丽也去了。
so＋主语＋be/情态动词/助动词，这种结构强调“……确实如此”。如：Her husband is English. So he is.
他丈夫是英国人。是的，他是。
Tom studies very hard. So he does.
汤姆学习很努力。是的，他确实很努力。
She passed the exam. So she did.
她通过了这次考试。是的，他确实通过了。
9. I’ve been down as long as two hours.
我在水下待了两小时之久
as long as …长达……
It took us as long as four hours to get over the mountain.
我们花了四个小时才翻过了那座山。
Mr. Brown spent as long as two and a half years writing the novel.
布朗先生花了长达两年半的时间才写完这部小说
注：类似的用法还有as much as, as large/big as, as wide as, as high as等等。如：
Look at the tower, it is as high as sixty metres.
看那座塔，它高达60米。
I spent as much as ten thousand yuan on the piano.
买这架钢琴，我花了多达一万块钱。
注意：as long as这个短语还可以做从属连词用来引导条件状语从句。意思是“只要……”，也可以说；so long as。如：
As long as I live, I’ll study.
只要我还活着，我就要学习。
You may borrow the books so long as you keep it clean.
《上学期 Unit 6 Mainly revision(第2页)》
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