When was it built?

教学目标

　　1． 学习一些公共场所的标志和说明，要能正确理解，规范自己的行为。

　　2． 掌握本单元的词汇，特别是一些短语的用法。

　　3． 进一步复习一些电话用语和电话对话中时态的综合运用。

　　4． 进一步学习被动语态，特别是一般过去时态的被动语态谓语动词形式，它的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及其答语等。

　　5． 认真学习"A visit to the Natural Museum"，掌握一些有关dinosaur的常识，丰富自己的背景知识。

　　6． 能运用所学句型及语法结构来谈论某些物品的制作、产地和作用以及制成材料的日常用语。

教学建议

教材内容分析

　　本单元主要围绕学习方向和常见的标志语，以及对话（打电话）的方式学习了“询问……”的表达法，学习了一些地点、建筑物和机构的名称，学习了一些常用的词、短语和句型，通过对话的方式学会如何谈论展品。通过课文“A visit to the Natural History Museum”， 很自然地引出了一般过去时态的被动语态。讲述了一般过去时态的被动语态的构成，它的肯定、否定和疑问句式及其简略答语。通过本单元的学习，我们要掌握一些有关dinosaurs的常识，来丰富自己的一些短语和习惯用语。

本单元的短语和习惯用语

(一) 短语与词组

　　1.       in town                             在城里

　　2.       on show                           陈列，展出

　　3.       hundreds of                       成百上千的

　　4.       the way to                         到……的路

　　5.       on display                         展出，陈列

　　6.       a visit to…                        一次去……的参观

　　7.       be interested in                  对……感兴趣

　　8.       a group of                         一群，一组，一对

　　9.       in the 1920s                      在二十世纪二十年代

　　10.   long long ago                     很久以前

　　11.   long before                        远在……以前

　　12.   That’s a pity                      很遗憾

　　13.   on the earth                       在地球上

　　14.   be covered with                 用……覆盖

　　15.   the feathered dinosaurs              长有羽毛的恐龙

　　16.   In the future                      在将来

　　17.   be founded                        （被）成立

　　18.   where else                         别的什么地方

　　19.   look up                             查阅（单词……）

　　20.   No smoking.                            禁止吸烟。

　　21.   No parking.                       禁止停车

　　22.   This side up                      此面朝上

　　23.   business hours                   营业时间

　　24.   No photos                         禁止拍照

（二）常用的英语标识语。注意，标识语一般采用大写形式。

　　CLOSED 打烊                        PUSH 推                     PULL拉

　　NO SMOKING 禁止吸烟                              NO PARKING 禁止停车

　　NO PHOTOS禁止拍照                               DANGER危险

　　PLAY 播放                             STOP 停止                  PAUSE 暂停

　　ON开                                    OFF关               BUSINESS HOURS营业时间

　　OFFICE HOURS 办公时间                          FRAGILE易碎

　　THIS SIDE UP 此面朝上                            ENTRANCE入口处

　　EXIT出口处                                      OPEN营业中

（三）日常交际用语

　　1．电话用语

　　This is… speaking 我是……

　　2． 表示“有……”：

　　Are there any new inventions?

　　Is there any…?

　　3．其他

　　That’s very interesting.  那非常有趣。

　　Yes, many more.  是的，有许多。

　　When was the PLA founded?  中国人民解放军什么时候成立的？ （被动语态）

　　It’s best to…

　　Thanks to…

　　What’s next?

　　The ground must be just right.

　　The hole should not be too deep.

教学建议

本单元重点例句及相关知识的讲解

　　1. I saw many old inventions on show.

　　我看到了许多古老的发明物在展览。

　　on show意思是“陈列，展览”。on表示“处于某种状态中”。show在此作名词用，与on构成短语，on + 名词还有

　　on duty（值日），

　　on sale（出售），

　　on business（出差），

　　on leave（休假）等。例如：

　　There are a number of model cars on show in the museum. And some of the old things are on sale now. She went to Beijing on business last week. Her assistant is on leave now. She could show you around next week.

　　在博物馆里有许多模型汽车展出，现在有些古老的东西正在出售。上周她到北京出差去了，她的助理也正在休假。她下周可以带你转转。

　　2. They were all invented hundreds of years ago.

　　它们都是几百年前发明的。

　　Hundreds of… 意思是“数以百计的，成百上千的”。hundreds, thousand, million等词与of一起用时，表示不定量的数目，必须用复数形式，而且前面不能有具体的数字。例如：

　　He has received thousands of letters. Hundreds of people are still waiting for him.

　　他收到了成千上万封信。数以百计的人还在等他。

　　当hundred, thousand等用来表示具体的数字时，要用原形，表示“一百/千……”时其前常有基数词或“a”，后面直接跟所修饰的复数名词。例如：

　　three hundred / thousand people / students

　　三百人/学生              三千人/学生

　　five hundred goats / sheep

　　五百只山羊/ 绵羊

　　3. But I don’t know the way to the museum.

　　但是，我不知道去博物馆的路。

　　the way to… 意思是“去……地方的路“，关于问路的常用句式有：

　　(1) Could you tell me how I can get to…?

    　　Would you tell me which is the way to…?

　　Could you tell me how to get to…?

　　Will you please show me the may to…?

　　请你告诉我到……怎么走好吗？

　　(2) Could you tell me where the school is?

　　Where is the school, please?

　　请你告诉我学校在哪儿？

　　当然问路的表示法还有很多，在此不可能全归纳出来。

　　4. Have you ever seen dinosaurs on display in museum?

　　你在博物馆里看过恐龙展览吗？

　　on display意思为“陈列，展出”。这是一个介词短语，在句中可作表语和定语。同义词组是on show。如：

　　Some of her paintings are on display / on show in the local art galley.

　　她的一些画正在本地的美术馆展出。

　　The things on show / on display were all a hundred years ago.

　　展览的物品都有上百年的历史了。

　　5. There you can see the fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs.

　　在那里你能看到许多中恐龙的化石。

　　fossil意思为“化石”，是不可数名词；口语中还可指“守旧的人；落伍的人”。例如：

　　My grandpa doesn’t want to be an old fossil.

　　我爷爷可不愿做个落伍的人。

　　6. These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.

　　这些蛋是一群科学家于二十世纪二十年代在戈壁大沙漠发现的。

　　in the 1920s意思为“在二十世纪二十年代”。年代的表达法：在年份前加the，年份后加s。如：in the 1840s在十九世纪四十年代

　　7. So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs.

　　这些恐龙蛋是很久以前恐龙孵化的。

　　句中laid是动词lay（产卵）的过去分词。

　　— How many eggs does your hen lay every week?

　　— Her hen is laying well，about three every week..

　　— 你的母鸡每周产多少颗鸡蛋？

　　— 我的鸡正常下蛋，大约每周三个蛋。

　　注意区别以下几个动词，它们的原形，过去式，过去分词及现在分词。现将这三个词的四种形态列表如下：

           原形             现在分词       过去式           过去分词

           lay（摆放；产卵）laying        laid                laid

           lie（躺）    lying              lay                 lain

           lie（说谎）  lying              lied                lied

　　(1) It’s ten o’clock now. Don’t lie in bed all morning.

　　都十点钟了，别一上午都躺在床上。

　　(2) She is an honest girl. She won’t lie to me. She has never lied to me.

　　她是个诚实的姑娘。她不会说谎的。她对我从来都没撒过谎。

　　8. That means dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared!

　　那就是说恐龙在人类出现之前就存在了。

　　appear不及物动词，意为“出现”，反义词是：disappear意思为“消失”。它们的名词形式分别是appearance和disappearance。如：

　　When we reached the top of the hill, the town appeared below us.

　　当我们到达山顶时，市镇就呈现在我们脚下。

　　Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists try to explain their disappearance.

　　恐龙大约在六千五百万年前就消失了。科学家试着解释它们消失的原因。

　　9. I say it is special because the dinosaur was covered with feathers!

　　我说它特别，是因为恐龙身上长有羽毛。

　　be covered with在句中意为“被……覆盖”，有时还用be covered by。例如：

　　The road was covered with yellow leaves. The fields were covered by flood. The ground was covered with the white snow.

　　道路曾被黄叶盖住了。洪水曾淹没了田地。大地曾覆盖着白雪。

　　另外，cover… with…为主动形式，意思为“用……覆盖”。例如：

　　The beautiful girl often covers her face with her hands.

　　那美丽的姑娘经常用手捂着脸。

　　10. It was founded on October 1, 1949.

　　它是1949年报0月成立的。

　　found  vt.创立，创办，它与find的过去式和过去分词相同，注意在句中的区别。found的过去式和过去分词是在其后加-ed，即：

　　find（寻找）                   found             found

　　found（成立，建立）      founded          founded

　　例如：

　　Mr. Wang is going to found a new factory near our factory. He was very busy this morning. His lost coat was found under the bed at last.

　　王先生准备在我们工厂附近创办一家新工厂。今天早上他很忙，他丢失的上衣终于在床下找到了。

　　11. It’s interesting, isn’t it?

　　它有趣，是吗？

　　interesting和interested都来源于名词interest，interesting可作表语和定语，主语常指物；interested作表语，主语常指人，常构成be (become) interested in… 对……感兴趣。类似的词还有surprising和surprised。

　　surprising和surprised都是由surprise变换而来的，前者有主动含义，后者有被动含义，surprising的主语通常是物，而surprised的主语通常是人。Be surprised at + n. (v. + ing) 对……感到惊讶，be surprised后还可接不定式和that引导的从句。例如：

　　(1) The news from the girl is very surprising. She said that dull film was interesting.

　　从那个女孩那儿得来的消息非常令人吃惊。她说那个无聊的电影很有趣。

　　(2) The students were very interested in dinosaurs when they visited the museum. They were surprised at seeing the teacher in front of them. Do you know why they surprised to meet their teacher in the museum?

　　学生们在参观博物馆时对恐龙很感兴趣。他们很惊讶地看见老师就在他们前面。你知道在参观博物馆时，为什么他们对遇见老师感到很惊讶吗？

　　12. When the bowl was filled with hot water, the wine would get warm.

　　当碗里装满了热水，酒就会变热。

　　Be filled with      （某物）被装满……，

　　其主动式为fill… with…   把……装满……。例如：

　　When the room was filled with the smoke, we were filling the hole. The hole was filled with sand at last.

　　房间里弥漫着烟雾时，我们正用填洞。最终这个洞被沙填上了。

　　另外，类似的短语录还有be full of：意思是“充满……”表示状态。

　　The bottle is full of milk.

　　这个瓶装满了牛奶。

　　The garden is full of sheep.

　　园子里到处是羊。

　　13. Have you used / worn it a lot?

　　你经常用 / 穿吗？

　　这里的a lot相当于often，表示经常，在句中做状语录。另外，a lot常单独使用，成为句子的一个成分，在句中可作主语、宾语或状语，意思是“很多，非常”。例如：

　　(1) Thanks a lot (= very much)!（作状语）

　　多谢！

　　(2) We can learn a lot (= much) from the workers.

　　（作宾语）我们能从工人们那里学到很多东西。

　　(3) A lot (= much) has been done about the thing.

　　（作主语）关于这件事已经采取了许多措施。

　　(4) It is a lot (= much) colder today.

　　（作状语）今天冷多了。

 

教学建议

被动语态

     本单元继续学习被动语态，我们已知道被动语态是由be + 过去分词构成。当不知道动作的执行者是谁或强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由is (am, are) + 过去分词构成，那么一般过去时态的被动语太就是was (were) 后加not。它的疑问形式一般是将was (were) 放在主语前。

　　构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。

　　例如：The teaching building was built six years ago.

　　这座教学楼是八年前建的。

　　肯定句：The window was broken last night.

　　昨晚玻璃被打碎了。

　　否定句：The machine wasn’t used for cutting two years ago.

　　这机器两年前不是用来切东西的。

　　The paintings weren’t finished last year.

　　这些油画不是去年完成的。

　　一般疑问句：

　　Were the textbooks written in English in 1982?

　　这教材是在982年写的吗？

　　Yes, the were. / No, they weren’t.

　　是，是在1982年写的。/ 不，它们不是在1982年写的。

　　Was your school built in 1978?

　　你们学校是建于1978年吗？

　　Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

　　是，它是1978年建的。/ 不，它不是1978年建的。

　　特殊疑问句：

　　When was this club founded?

　　俱乐部是什么时候成立的？

　　Where were those buses made?

　　这些汽车是在哪儿制造的？

　　[例]He saw here come out of the library.（改为被动语态）

　　误：She was seen come out of the library.

　　正：She was seen to come out of the library.

　　解析：凡主动语态的句子中有省去不定式符号to的不定式作宾语补足语，改为被动语态时，必须将不定式符号to加上，此时的不定式事实上是主语的补足语了。

被动语态的语法计时解

   　　上一讲我们学了被动语态的一般现在时态概念、极成及其用法等。大家知道被动语态的结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词+其它”构成。被动语态的时态都是通过助动词be来体现的，即be是什么时态，该被动句就是什么时态。以动词do为例，就几种常见的时候列表如下：

   时态

语态

一般现在时态

is / am / are don

一般过去时态

was / were done

一般将来时态

will be done

  　　本期我们将学习更多时态的被动语态，如一般过去时的被动语态：

　1．构成

　　由上表可知被动语态的一般过去式是was / were + 及物动词的过去分词构成。当主语是单数或不可数名词（代词）时，be用was；当主语是复数名词（代词）时，be用were。

  　　2．用法

　　一般过去时态的被动语态主要指在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作。如：

  　　All these things were bought by my mother yesterday.

  　　所有这些东西都是我母亲昨天买的。

  　　This kind of cup was used for drinking tea three hundred years ago.

　　三百年前这种茶杯是用来喝茶的。

主动变被动的特例

　　同学们都知道，只有带及物动词的句子才能由主动语态变成被动语态。但不是所有带宾语的动词都可以变成被动语态，请看下面几种不能变为被动语态的情况：

　　1．宾语是反身代词时。如：

　　He taught himself English.

　　不能变成：Himself was taught by him.

　　2．宾语是相互代词时。如：

　　They help each other. 不能变成：Each other is helped by them.

　　3．宾语为同源宾语时。如：

　　The Chinese people live a happy life. 不能变成：

　　A happy life is lived by the Chinese people.

　　4．宾语是不可分割的词组或短语时。如：

　　Li Lei often keeps his word. 不能变成：His word is often kept by Li Lei.

　　5．宾语是动词不定式或动词ing形式时。

　　We like singing. 一般不能变成：Singing is liked by us.

　　6．宾语起状语作用时。如：

 　　She got to the school gate at 8. 不能变成：

 　　The school gate was got to at 8 by her.

　　7．宾语是“身体的某一部分”或“感官”时。如：

 　　We believe our eyes. 一般不能变成：

 　　Our eyes are believed by us.

　　8．宾语是表示“某组织”的名词时。如：

　　He joined the League in 1999. 不能变成：

　　The League was joined by him in 1999.

有关被动语态的教学建议

　　在教学被动语态时教师应当考虑到这个语法项目对于初中学生而言是一个较难的知识点。教师应当有一定的思想准备。在教学过程（fanwen.oyaya.net）中应当设计一系列的语言素材进行机械操练，达到熟能生巧的效果。要求学生将教师所提供的句子变为被动句，反应要快，越快越好。如可以设计以下的训练模式：

　　T:I planted some trees yesterday.

　　S: Some trees were planted yesterday.

　　T: Some students cleaned the classroom yesterday.

　　S: The classroom was cleaned yesterday.

　　T: He washed some clothes last night.

　　S: Some clothes were washed last night.

教学建议

本单元关于听说读写的教学建议

★关于听力方面的练习：

　　对于短文的听力一直是困绕初中英语教学的一个难点，对于情景性较强的对话的听力教师教起来比较轻松，学生练起来也比较容易。而对于长文章的听力训练则显得有些力不从心。但是这正是我们教学中要解决的一个问题。在训练学生的对于短文的听力时，首先要告诉学生一些听短文的基本要领。如：

　　1. 要首先抓住文章的大意，抓住文章的主旨；

　　2. 在听的过程中一定要一句一句地听，而不要一个词一个词地听；

　　3. 遇到有听不懂的句子时，千万不要着急，耐心地往后听，这样会解决一些听的过程中的个别词语障碍的问题；

　　4. 听完以后可以尝试着进行一些复述练习，以巩固和强化听的效果。

　　在本单元中可以利用第38课这篇课文作为练习的材料。在进行听力训练之前，教师可以介绍一下与课文有关的背景知识，这样更有利于加强听力练习的实效性。

★关于口语方面的练习：

　　本单元中有两处较长的对话，37课和第40课。这两课教师应当充分利用作为口语训练的直接材料。教师在上口语课时，不应拘泥于课文本身所提供的语言素材。教材所提供的语言素材只是学生应当掌握的知识起点，而远非终点。所以教师在辅导学生进行口语练习时，应当鼓励中国学习联盟胆地就课文材料在进行机械操练的基础之上，进行创新。

★     关于读写方面的练习：

　　本单元的阅读材料是一篇记叙文，其中贯穿着语法教学。第38课练习l可帮助学生对整篇文章有个完整的印象，并可借助回答这些问题来复述课文。在学生理解的基础上，教师帮助学生分析课文的写作特点，使学生对一般过去时被动语态在什么情况下使用有初步的认识，并为第40课的写作练习做好铺垫。

　　第40课有一个要求学生仿照范例写一篇短文的练习。在写的练习前，特意设计了Ask and answer 的练习。练习中的8个问题存在着内容上的联系，含有“信息沟”，学生们通过问答来获取完成笔头练习所必需的信息。因为笔头练习的内容和所需运用的语言结构都与本单元前几课紧密相关。所以在充分学好前几课的基础下写好这篇短文并不困难。

　　教师在呈现这8个问题时，可使用投影片。教师说物品的名词，如：a watch，然后要求学生回答问题。每次呈现投影片中的l道问题，遮住其他问题。学生先口头回答1-2组问题，并分别将这些问题的回答口头串成一篇短文。教师可提供一些词语，如： metal, glass, cotton, street marker, shop等。在学生口头练习基本熟练的情况下，再要求他们笔头完成课堂

　　练习。教师亦可将范文作为听写练习的材料。在课本提供的8个物品名词中，必会词为：watch, radio, computer其余可作为学生了解的词语。

教学建议

关于一般过去时被动语态的教学建议

　　本单元的语法重点是一般过去时被动语态。第9单元已经教学了一般现在时被动语态，所以本单元语法教学应将复习与教新课相结合。

　　教师先依次出示画有cotton, jacket, wool, coats, thermos图案的卡片，复习一般现在时的被动语态，引出下列对话：

　　1. T: What's this?

　　Ss: It's cotton.

　　T: Where's cotton grown?

　　Ss: It's grown in....

　　2. T: Is this a jacket?

　　Ss: Yes, it is.

　　T: What's it made of?

　　Ss: I think it's made of cotton.

　　3. T: What's this?

　　Ss: It's wool.

　　T: Where's it produced?

　　Ss: It's produced in/at . . ..

　　T: What's (the) wool used for?

　　Ss: It's used for making sweaters or coats.

　　T: Look at these coats. They're made of wool.

　　4. T: What's this?

　　Ss: It’s thermos.

　　T: What's it made of?

　　Ss: The inside is made of glass and the outside is made of metal.（教师给予适当的提示）

　　T: What's it used for?

　　Ss: It's used for keeping water hot.

　　为了降低难度，第4段对话也可先让学生仿照前三段对话来提问，教师来回答。然后交换。还可以在适当的时间让学生做group 或pair的连锁问答。

　　然后教师让学生阅读第38课。在阅读前，设置一些问题，使学生们带着问题有目的地进行快速阅读。

　　T: Now we are going to read a passage about a group of girls visiting a museum. After reading, you'll have to tell me what the girls saw in the museum?

　　阅读完毕，教师将有关问题和学生们的回答板书在黑板上，一般过去时被动语态中was和were要彩笔标出。然后进行问答练习。

　　学生再次阅读第66课，要求他们找出上面对话练习中未涉及到的被动语态句子。如：

　　They were very interested in dinosaurs.

　　So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs!

　　It was discovered in Liaoning Province.

　　教师引导学生分析课文中哪些句子可改写成一般过去时被动语态。如：

　　Miss Li showed them a picture of the feathered dinosaur. →

　　They were showed a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.

　　A picture of the feathered dinosaur was showed to them by Miss Li.

教学设计示例

Lesson 37

Period: The First Period

Content: Lesson 37

Properties: Recorder

Teaching Objectives:

　　1. Study the grammar: the Passive Voice in the past Simple Tense.

　　2. Learn some new words and useful expressions.

Language Focus:on show, hundreds of, invent / invention

Teaching Procedures:

　　Ⅰ. Organizing

　　Greetings and make a duty report.

　　Ⅱ. Revision

　　1. check the homework.

　　2. Revise the name of objects from the last unit and the Passive Voice: What's it made of? Where's it made? What's it used for? etc.

　　Ⅲ. Presentation

　　Present the sentences:

　　What's it made of?

　　What's it used for?

　　Then present the sentences:

　　What was it made of?

　　What was it used for?

　　Ask students to compare with the groups sentences.

　　Ⅳ. Listening.

　　Part 1. Close books, listen to the tape and answer the questions.

　　Where did Du Hui go yesterday?

　　When were the old inventions on show invented?

　　Play the tape again and make sure students can answer the questions correctly.

　　Ⅴ. Practice

　　Ask some students to practice the dialogue.

　　Then in groups and in pairs. At last let the students act it out.

　　Ⅵ. Ask and answer

　　Part 2. Ask the students to ask and answer in pairs according to the questions in the box.

　　Ⅶ. Practice

　　Ask students to make sentences, and then change them into the Passive Voice in the past Simple Tense.

　　Ⅷ. Workbook

　　Do Exercise 1.

　　Ask the students to read and complete the dialogue alone, then check the answers with the whole class.

　　Do Exercise 2 in pairs.

　　Ⅸ. Exercises in class.

　　Complete the dialogues

　　Kate: Hello, Mary! This is Kate ________.

　　Mary: ________ Kate.

　　Kate: I ________ you yesterday, but you weren't ________.

　　Mary: Oh, ________. I went to the Museum.

　　Kate: Is it interesting?

　　Mary: Yes, I saw many things ________ show. They were all ________ hundreds of years ________.

　　Kate: Are there any new ________?

　　Mary: Yes. Why not go there and have ________?

　　Kate: That's a good idea.

　　Ⅹ. Homework

　　Do Exercise 3 in the exercise books.

　　Make up a new dialogue.
教学设计示例

Lesson 38

Period: The second period

Content: Lesson 38

Properties: Tape recorder; picture

Teaching objectives:

　　1. Study the grammar: the passive voice in the Past Simple Tense.

　　2. Learn some new words and useful expression.

Language Focus:

　　1. be interested in…

　　2. on display

　　3. be covered with

　　4. in the 1920s'

Teaching Procedures:

　　Ⅰ. Organizing

　　Greetings.

　　Ⅱ. Revision

　　1. check the homework

　　2. Revise the useful expressions and some new words.

　　Ⅲ. Presentation

　　Take out a picture and ask the students:

　　What's this animal called?

　　Ask some students to talk about the dinosaur.

　　Ⅳ. Pre-reading

　　Read over the questions with the students. Have the students guess the meaning of "on display" from the context. Then have the students discuss the questions in pairs.

　　Ⅴ. Listening

　　1. At first, ask students to read over the questions in the Exercise 1 in the workbook.

　　2. Then close books and listen to tape.

　　3. Play the tape again and answer the questions.

　　Ⅵ. Teaching Language Focus

　　Explain some useful expressions in the passage.

　　1. be on a visit to…

　　2. be interested in…

　　3. try to do something　　

　　4. be covered with

　　e.g. He is on a visit to Shanghai.

　　Tom is interested in English.

　　I'll try my best to pass the exam.

　　The ground was covered with snow.

　　Ⅶ. Teaching Grammar

　　1. Let the students find out these sentences with the Passive Voice in the Past Simple Tense.

　　2. Have the students make sentences with the Passive Voice in the Past Simple Tense.

　　Ⅷ. Workbook.

　　Do Exercise 2 , and write down the answers.

　　Ⅸ. Exercises in class

　　Change the active sentences into the passive sentences:

　　1. We bought a new TV last year.

　　2. They didn't find the lost boy.

　　3. My Uncle built a new house last year.

　　4. My brother finished his homework yesterday.

　　5. Dinosaurs laid the eggs long long ago.

　　Ⅹ. Homework

　　1. Read the passage.

　　2. Finish off the workbook exercises.
探究活动

解读标志语

　　设计一次家庭作业，让学生去商店，旅店，街道上收集各种有关英文标识语，回到班级后进行交流以拓展知识面。在总结时，出示各种标志图或列出数个标志语，让学生用英语来解释每个标志的意思，以及用于何种场所、何种时间等。

  　　EXIT 出口  ENIRANCE入口  CLOSED停止  OPEN营业 PULL拉  PUSH推  UPSTAIRS请上楼 DANGER危险 FULL客满 POISON有毒  OCCUPIED（厕所）有人 

  　　NO SMOKING请勿吸烟   NO SPITTING不准随地吐痰　

  　　NO PARKING HERE 此禁止停车  NO LITTERING不准乱扔果皮纸屑

  　　NO DUMPING不准倒垃圾  NO VISITORS 游人止步

  　　NO PHOTOS 不准拍照     NO FISHING禁止垂钓

  　　NO SWIMMING禁水游泳   NO HANDLE 请勿用手

查找和整理资料

　　鼓励学生查找一些与恐龙有关的背景资料，然后进行整理，之后在小组之间进行交流。

Dinosaur Era (时代)

　　We know that prehistoric (史前的) animals once lived on Earth because of their fossils. Fossils are the remains of animals and plants（1） that lived millions of years ago. The largest known dinosaur is the largest land animal that has ever been found. Its name is Seismosaurus（地震龙）, and from its head to the end of its tail (2), it measured 120-150 feet. Seismosaurus was a plant eater and would not have been dangerous –unless it stepped on （3）you, for it weighed about 10 tons. Dinosaurs were reptiles (爬行动物), but very different from today’s reptiles. Many were giant-sized, and armed with ferocious（凶恶的） teeth and savage horns. Above them, great pterosaurs（翼龙） swooped（4）through the air on leathery（5）wings. The dinosaurs and pterosaurs ruled the Earth from about 200 million years ago until they died out about 65 million years ago. Many dinosaurs, including the biggest of all, Diplodocus（梁龙）, lived only plants. Others were flesh eaters and hunted the plant-eating dinosaurs.

　　注释：

　　（1）the remains of animals and plants  动植物死后遗留下来的东西

　　（2）from its head to the end of its tail   从头到尾

　　（3）step on… 踩……

　　（4）swoop/swu:p/ v.飞扑，猛扑

　　（5）leathery adj. 坚韧的

博物馆观后感

　　为培养学生爱国主义情怀，激励他们振奋、向上，并为作为中国人而自豪。组织学生参观故宫博物院或其他博物馆，选择有代表性的展品，向他们展示古中国的先进科技和古中国人的高超技艺，使他们理解古中国在世界的地位。令他们在参观中受到教育和启迪，增强爱国主义的思想感情，为中华民族的振兴而努力学习、勤奋工作。参观后写一篇日记作为观后感。

　　[注意]

　　1. 英文日记的格式：日记一般没有标题，也无需落款。通常在左上角，写出日期和星期，星期在前，日期在后。日期的顺序常为：月、日、年。也可以在右上角，写出天气。

　　2. 叙事为主的日记必须从表达中心思想的需要出发，讲清事情，使读者明白所讲的是什么样的人，怎样的事。同时注意把必要的时间、地点交代明白。事情总是随着时间的进程发展变化的，所以记事常常按照事情发生、发展和结局的时间顺序来写。有的事应该详写，有的可以略写；有的适宜直接述说，有的可以借人物对话来反映，这些都从表达中心的需要和效果来考虑。整篇文章要写得完整、清晰、有条理，使读者读后留下深刻的印象。叙述事件的语言要生动、形象。语言风格也可以风趣、幽默，也可辅之以表达作者的感情和态度。

　　3. 记事的记叙文一般都用过去时态，因为它叙述的都是发生过的事，但根据需要部分内容也可用一般现在时；在人称使用上，本人的经历或耳闻目睹的事件用第一人称；表示他人的经历和事件用第三人称。

　　[范文]

Saturday  May 12                                           sunny

　　Our class visited the Palace Museum in Beijing today. It took us an hour to get there by bus. All of us were very excited.

　　After we put on specially-made shoes, we orderly walked into the entrance and watched the things on show carefully. Some of them were hundreds of years old, and they looked beautiful. For example, a real queen’s hat. It was made of gold and pearls. It was one of the most important relics and it was priceless. The gold string and pearls shone so brightly by the light that many students stopped to have a look at it. We were deeply moved by the ancient Chinese people. How clever they were!

　　One of us was too excited to control her feeling. She asked the girl working there if she could try it on. It made us laugh a lot and her face turned red. How funny it was!

　　What else impressed me was a blanket made of trunks. It was a tribute from India to China. You know there were elephants living there and the Indian King wanted to express his respect and thanks to our country. It was so thin that it looked transparent and must be comfortable to sit or sleep on it during the hottest season.

　　The high walls stood for the power, respect, wealth and secret. There were many interesting and instructive stories to tell. From these things and facts, we could know that how strong and big Old China was and we really feel proud as Chinese and we will try our best to build our country and make it more beautiful and stronger.

《When was it built?》