高二英语第二十一单元Music （音乐）
s in the room . (现在分词的主动形式作定语表示一个正在进行的动作，它可转换成：A child who is sleeping is in the room . )
The bike being repaired now is mine . (现在分词的被动形式，表示正在进行的动作，它可转换成：The bike which is being repaired now is mine . )
I\'m not sure which is the road leading to the hospital . (现在分词短语不表示正在进行的动作而表示存在的状态，它可转换成：I\'m not sure which is the road that leads to the hospital . )
The fallen leaves . (过去分词表示一个完成的动作，The leaves that have fallen . )
I have two letters to write . (不定式表示将来的动作)
※ 不定式作定语，一般只能放在被修饰词之后，分词作定语即可放在被修饰词之前，也可以放在被修饰词之后；通常单个的词放前，短语放在后，现在分词的被动形式放后。例如：
I have a friend living in London . (短语)
China belongs to the developing country . (单个的词)
The building being built now is a hospital . (现在分词的被动式)
The man dressed in a new suit is our manager . (短语)
Only by practice will you be able to improve your spoken English . (单个的词)
Mary needs a dictionary to refer to . (不定式)
※ 分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。若被修饰的名词与分词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，即被修饰的名词是动作的执行者，则用现在分词，若是被动关系，即被修饰的名词是动作的承受者，可用现在分词的被动式或过去分词。它们俩主要从时间上区别，现在分词被动式表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示完成的动作或无时间性，只表被动关系。例如：
There is a river running around our school . (主动关系)
The watch being repaired now is hers . (被动关系，正在进行的动作)
He is an English teacher liked by all his students . (表被动关系)
Japan is a developed country . (表完成，表被动)
※ 心理反应状态动词，如：excite , fright , move , tire , interest , puzzle , disappoint 等，同现在分词作定语，表示“令人……”，被修饰的词通常是物，用过去分词作定语，被修饰的词通常是人。例如：
What disappointing news it is!
Don\'t make fun of the frightened child .
注意：puzzling expression “令人迷惑的表情”；puzzled expression (本身)迷惑的表情。
※ 下列情况下常用不定式作定语。
1 . 在被修饰的词前有形容词最高级、序数词以及 the last , the only , the next 等后作定语的时候，只能用不定式作定语。例如：
He is always the first to come .
The next man to come was Tom .
This is the largest ship to be serving as a seaside hotel in our country .
2 . have +宾语的句型中，常用不定式作定语。例如：
I have a lot of questions to ask .
He has nothing to worry about .
3 . 在 way , pleasure , chance , plan 等名词后常用不定式或 of +动名词，但在 ability , failure , promise 后只能用不定式。例如：
I had no chance to speak (或 of speaking) to him .
His failure to pass the exam surprised us .
4 . 表示未来的动作。例如：
He has two letters to write .
5 . 与被修饰的词有同位、动状关系的通常只能用不定式作定语。例如：
I have the ability to speak a foreign language . (同位关系)
I\'m not sure which restaurant to eat at .
A good place to eat at is the Peace Restaurant .
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
典型“语义重复现象”错误例析
1 . 汤姆吃完早饭急急忙忙去上学。
[误]After breakfast Tom was hurrying to go to school .
[正]After breakfast Tom was hurrying to school .
[析]hurry(=move quickly)本身含有“走”之意，后面不可再接go, walk , run之类的动词，但可接动词不定式或名词。 例如：We have to hurry away to catch the bus . She hurried to the station .
2 . 我们应当全心全意为人民服务。
[误]We should serve for the people heart and soul .
[正]We should serve the people heart and soul .
[正]We should work for the people heart and soul .
[析]serve本身有“work for（为……服务）”之意。作及物动词用时， 后面不可再接介词for。
3 . 战争结束以后，她成了一名教师。
[误]After the end of the war, she became a teacher .
[正]After the war, she became a teacher .
[析]句中after是介词，有“在……以后”的意思；end是名词，意思是“结束”，用了after，就不可再用end。
4 . 只要校长一回来，我就立刻告诉你。
[误]As soon as the president returns, I will let you know at once .
[正]As soon as the president returns, I will let you know .
[析]as soon as有“立刻”之意，从句中用了as soon as，主句中就不能再用at once, immediately, right away, right now之类的词了。
5 . 这是一部极好的词典。
[误]This is a very excellent dictionary .
[正]This is an excellent dictionary .
[析]excellent, wonderful等词含有“极好的(extremely good)”之意，不能用very修饰。再如：This is a wonderful film .
6 . 大家都非常喜欢这个小男孩。
[误]Everyone all likes the little boy very much .
[正]Everyone likes the little boy very much .
[析]everyone有“每个人，大家”的意思，用了everyone或everybody， 不就必再用all了。
7．这男孩名叫杨洋。
[误]The name of the boy is called Yang yang .
[正]The name of the boy is Yang yang .
[析]name与be called不能同时使用，因为name与be called在语义上是重复的。我们通常说：My name is Li Biao . 但不能说：My name is called Li Biao .
8 . 踢足球是我最喜爱的运动。
[误]Playing football is my most favourite sport .
[正]Playing football is my favourite sport .
[析]favourite本身有“最喜爱(like best)”之意，前面不必再用most修饰了。如：My favourite hobby is collecting stamps .
9 . 如果你知道这个答案，就举手。
《高二英语第二十一单元Music （音乐）(第4页)》
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The bike being repaired now is mine . (现在分词的被动形式，表示正在进行的动作，它可转换成：The bike which is being repaired now is mine . )
I\'m not sure which is the road leading to the hospital . (现在分词短语不表示正在进行的动作而表示存在的状态，它可转换成：I\'m not sure which is the road that leads to the hospital . )
The fallen leaves . (过去分词表示一个完成的动作，The leaves that have fallen . )
I have two letters to write . (不定式表示将来的动作)
※ 不定式作定语，一般只能放在被修饰词之后，分词作定语即可放在被修饰词之前，也可以放在被修饰词之后；通常单个的词放前，短语放在后，现在分词的被动形式放后。例如：
I have a friend living in London . (短语)
China belongs to the developing country . (单个的词)
The building being built now is a hospital . (现在分词的被动式)
The man dressed in a new suit is our manager . (短语)
Only by practice will you be able to improve your spoken English . (单个的词)
Mary needs a dictionary to refer to . (不定式)
※ 分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。若被修饰的名词与分词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，即被修饰的名词是动作的执行者，则用现在分词，若是被动关系，即被修饰的名词是动作的承受者，可用现在分词的被动式或过去分词。它们俩主要从时间上区别，现在分词被动式表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示完成的动作或无时间性，只表被动关系。例如：
There is a river running around our school . (主动关系)
The watch being repaired now is hers . (被动关系，正在进行的动作)
He is an English teacher liked by all his students . (表被动关系)
Japan is a developed country . (表完成，表被动)
※ 心理反应状态动词，如：excite , fright , move , tire , interest , puzzle , disappoint 等，同现在分词作定语，表示“令人……”，被修饰的词通常是物，用过去分词作定语，被修饰的词通常是人。例如：
What disappointing news it is!
Don\'t make fun of the frightened child .
注意：puzzling expression “令人迷惑的表情”；puzzled expression (本身)迷惑的表情。
※ 下列情况下常用不定式作定语。
1 . 在被修饰的词前有形容词最高级、序数词以及 the last , the only , the next 等后作定语的时候，只能用不定式作定语。例如：
He is always the first to come .
The next man to come was Tom .
This is the largest ship to be serving as a seaside hotel in our country .
2 . have +宾语的句型中，常用不定式作定语。例如：
I have a lot of questions to ask .
He has nothing to worry about .
3 . 在 way , pleasure , chance , plan 等名词后常用不定式或 of +动名词，但在 ability , failure , promise 后只能用不定式。例如：
I had no chance to speak (或 of speaking) to him .
His failure to pass the exam surprised us .
4 . 表示未来的动作。例如：
He has two letters to write .
5 . 与被修饰的词有同位、动状关系的通常只能用不定式作定语。例如：
I have the ability to speak a foreign language . (同位关系)
I\'m not sure which restaurant to eat at .
A good place to eat at is the Peace Restaurant .
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
典型“语义重复现象”错误例析
1 . 汤姆吃完早饭急急忙忙去上学。
[误]After breakfast Tom was hurrying to go to school .
[正]After breakfast Tom was hurrying to school .
[析]hurry(=move quickly)本身含有“走”之意，后面不可再接go, walk , run之类的动词，但可接动词不定式或名词。 例如：We have to hurry away to catch the bus . She hurried to the station .
2 . 我们应当全心全意为人民服务。
[误]We should serve for the people heart and soul .
[正]We should serve the people heart and soul .
[正]We should work for the people heart and soul .
[析]serve本身有“work for（为……服务）”之意。作及物动词用时， 后面不可再接介词for。
3 . 战争结束以后，她成了一名教师。
[误]After the end of the war, she became a teacher .
[正]After the war, she became a teacher .
[析]句中after是介词，有“在……以后”的意思；end是名词，意思是“结束”，用了after，就不可再用end。
4 . 只要校长一回来，我就立刻告诉你。
[误]As soon as the president returns, I will let you know at once .
[正]As soon as the president returns, I will let you know .
[析]as soon as有“立刻”之意，从句中用了as soon as，主句中就不能再用at once, immediately, right away, right now之类的词了。
5 . 这是一部极好的词典。
[误]This is a very excellent dictionary .
[正]This is an excellent dictionary .
[析]excellent, wonderful等词含有“极好的(extremely good)”之意，不能用very修饰。再如：This is a wonderful film .
6 . 大家都非常喜欢这个小男孩。
[误]Everyone all likes the little boy very much .
[正]Everyone likes the little boy very much .
[析]everyone有“每个人，大家”的意思，用了everyone或everybody， 不就必再用all了。
7．这男孩名叫杨洋。
[误]The name of the boy is called Yang yang .
[正]The name of the boy is Yang yang .
[析]name与be called不能同时使用，因为name与be called在语义上是重复的。我们通常说：My name is Li Biao . 但不能说：My name is called Li Biao .
8 . 踢足球是我最喜爱的运动。
[误]Playing football is my most favourite sport .
[正]Playing football is my favourite sport .
[析]favourite本身有“最喜爱(like best)”之意，前面不必再用most修饰了。如：My favourite hobby is collecting stamps .
9 . 如果你知道这个答案，就举手。
《高二英语第二十一单元Music （音乐）(第4页)》
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