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英语教案-When was it built?


ith the smoke, we were filling the hole. The hole was filled with sand at last.

  房间里弥漫着烟雾时,我们正用填洞。最终这个洞被沙填上了。

  另外,类似的短语录还有be full of:意思是“充满……”表示状态。

  The bottle is full of milk.

  这个瓶装满了牛奶。

  The garden is full of sheep.

  园子里到处是羊。

  13. Have you used / worn it a lot?

  你经常用 / 穿吗?

  这里的a lot相当于often,表示经常,在句中做状语录。另外,a lot常单独使用,成为句子的一个成分,在句中可作主语、宾语或状语,意思是“很多,非常”。例如:

  (1) Thanks a lot (= very much)!(作状语)

  多谢!

  (2) We can learn a lot (= much) from the workers.

  (作宾语)我们能从工人们那里学到很多东西。

  (3) A lot (= much) has been done about the thing.

  (作主语)关于这件事已经采取了许多措施。

  (4) It is a lot (= much) colder today.

  (作状语)今天冷多了。


 

教学建议

被动语态

     本单元继续学习被动语态,我们已知道被动语态是由be + 过去分词构成。当不知道动作的执行者是谁或强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由is (am, are) + 过去分词构成,那么一般过去时态的被动语太就是was (were) 后加not。它的疑问形式一般是将was (were) 放在主语前。

  构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。

  例如:The teaching building was built six years ago.

  这座教学楼是八年前建的。

  肯定句:The window was broken last night.

  昨晚玻璃被打碎了。

  否定句:The machine wasn’t used for cutting two years ago.

  这机器两年前不是用来切东西的。

  The paintings weren’t finished last year.

  这些油画不是去年完成的。

  一般疑问句:

  Were the textbooks written in English in 1982?

  这教材是在982年写的吗?

  Yes, the were. / No, they weren’t.

  是,是在1982年写的。/ 不,它们不是在1982年写的。

  Was your school built in 1978?

  你们学校是建于1978年吗?

  Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

  是,它是1978年建的。/ 不,它不是1978年建的。

  特殊疑问句:

  When was this club founded?

  俱乐部是什么时候成立的?

  Where were those buses made?

  这些汽车是在哪儿制造的?

  [例]He saw here come out of the library.(改为被动语态)

  误:She was seen come out of the library.

  正:She was seen to come out of the library.

  解析:凡主动语态的句子中有省去不定式符号to的不定式作宾语补足语,改为被动语态时,必须将不定式符号to加上,此时的不定式事实上是主语的补足语了。

被动语态的语法计时解

     上一讲我们学了被动语态的一般现在时态概念、极成及其用法等。大家知道被动语态的结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词+其它”构成。被动语态的时态都是通过助动词be来体现的,即be是什么时态,该被动句就是什么时态。以动词do为例,就几种常见的时候列表如下:

   时态

语态

一般现在时态

is / am / are don

一般过去时态

was / were done

一般将来时态

will be done

    本期我们将学习更多时态的被动语态,如一般过去时的被动语态:

 1.构成

  由上表可知被动语态的一般过去式是was / were + 及物动词的过去分词构成。当主语是单数或不可数名词(代词)时,be用was;当主语是复数名词(代词)时,be用were。

    2.用法

  一般过去时态的被动语态主要指在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作。如:

    All these things were bought by my mother yesterday.

    所有这些东西都是我母亲昨天买的。

    This kind of cup was used for drinking tea three hundred years ago.

  三百年前这种茶杯是用来喝茶的。

主动变被动的特例

  同学们都知道,只有带及物动词的句子才能由主动语态变成被动语态。但不是所有带宾语的动词都可以变成被动语态,请看下面几种不能变为被动语态的情况:

  1.宾语是反身代词时。如:

  He taught himself English.

  不能变成:Himself was taught by him.

  2.宾语是相互代词时。如:

  They help each other. 不能变成:Each other is helped by them.

  3.宾语为同源宾语时。如:

  The Chinese people live a happy life. 不能变成:

  A happy life is lived by the Chinese people.

  4.宾语是不可分割的词组或短语时。如:

  Li Lei often keeps his word. 不能变成:His word is often kept by Li Lei.

  5.宾语是动词不定式或动词ing形式时。

  We like singing. 一般不能变成:Singing is liked by us.

  6.宾语起状语作用时。如:

   She got to the school gate at 8. 不能变成:

   The school gate was got to at 8 by her.

  7.宾语是“身体的某一部分”或“感官”时。如:

   We believe our eyes. 一般不能变成:

   Our eyes are believed by us.

  8.宾语是表示“某组织”的名词时。如:

  He joined the League in 1999. 不能变成:

  The League was joined by him in 1999.

有关被动语态的教学建议

  在教学被动语态时教师应当考虑到这个语法项目对于初中学生而言是一个较难的知识点。教师应当有一定的思想准备。在教学过程(fanwen.oyaya.net)中应当设计一系列的语言素材进行机械操练,达到熟能生巧的效果。要求学生将教师所提供的句子变为被动句,反应要快,越快越好。如可以设计以下的训练模式:

  T:I planted some trees yesterday.

  S: Some trees were planted yesterday.

  T: Some students cleaned the classroom yesterday.

  S: The classroom was cleaned yesterday.

 

《英语教案-When was it built?(第4页)》
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