Merry Christmas!
★关于读写方面
在语言能力的训练中,不应当忽视文化因素的作用,因为文化因素会渗透到交际的各个层面。在进行本单元的语言教学的过程中,应当加强对文化知识的输入。强调让学生掌握一些相关的文化事实。可以放映一些有关圣诞节的录像片。以强化学生对圣诞节的在文化层面的认识。
在训练学生的写作时,本单元可以要求学生每人自己动手制作一张圣诞节的贺卡,并用英文写上数句祝的话语。然后同学之间相互赠送。
关于动词不定式和been to/ gone to的教学建议
一、动词不定式(二)
前面我们已学过了不定式的构成以及其作宾语,宾语补足语和作状语。本单元继续介绍了不定式的用法。在教学时,注意通过展示例句,使学生加强对不定式作定语、不定式和疑问词连用的理解,并提供少量练习,使学生在课堂上加深印象和注意相关知识的应用技巧。板书或展示:
1. 不定式作定语
He has too many things to do.
他要做的事太多了。
I have nothing to say on this question.
在这个问题上,我没有什么话要说。
The next train to arrive was from Shanghai.
下一列到站的火车是从上海开来的。
讲解:动词不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,要注意以下两点:①要带to放在所修饰名词的后面;②如果所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式短语的宾语,这时要注意保持动词不定式短语的完整性,不要漏掉介绍或副词等。板书或展示:
I have a lot of housework to do tonight.
今晚我有许多家务活要做。
动词不定式to do放在所修饰的名词housework之后。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
I think there is nothing to worry about.
我认为没有什么可担心的事情。
动词不定式to write with, to worry about分别作名词pen,不定代词nothing的定语,由于pen, nothing在短语中是一个宾语成分,所以不能省去介词with和about。
2.动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问代词what/ which/ whom等连用;可以和疑问副词how / when/ where等连用,在句中可以作表语、宾语和定语。但how/ when/ where不作宾语,what/ which/ whom可作宾语。whether不作句子成分。板书或展示:
I don’t know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。 (不定式短语作宾语)
When to start has not been decided.
何时动身尚未决定。 (不定式短语作主语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.
困难在于如何过河。 (不定式短语作表语)
注意:没有why to do it这种说法。
〖例〗根据句意,选取括号中正确的词语填空。
1. Could you tell me_____________ (where, where to) buy this fruit?
2. I went there __________ (to see, saw) him.
3. Remember _____________ (when to return, when return)
4. I’ll show you _____________. (how to do it; how to do)
5. My plan is _____________ (to do, do) the work next week.
6. He was the first man ___________ (to learn, learn) the news.
解答:
1. where to(动词不定式和疑问词连用。)
2. to see(动词不定式作目的状语)
3. when to return (不定式和疑问词连用。)
4. how to do it (不定式和疑问词连用。)
5. to do(动词不定式作表语)
6. to learn(动词不定式作定语)
二、have (has) been to 与have (has) gone to的区别have (has) been to表示主语去过某地,而现在已不在那里;have (has) gone to表示主语去了某地,现在已不地此地。如:
My teacher has been to Japan twice.
我的老师曾到过日本两次。(现在不在日本)
My teacher has gone to Japan.
我的老师到日本去了。(现在不在此地了,有可能到了日本,有可能还去日本的路上)
易混点:
例如:
①A.Where have you been? (√)
B.Where have you gone? (×)
C.Where has he gone? (√)
D.Where has he been ? (√)
②A.He has been to Dalian. (√)
B.He has been in Dalian. (√)
C.He has gone in Dalian. (×)
D.He has gone to Dalian. (√)
辨析:
①have gone 人已走了,无法问“你上哪儿去了?”
②have gone to + 地点,到某处去了,不用gone in + 地点。
have / has been / gone to接地点名词,若接副词,如:away, home, out, 则不用to。例如:
Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了?
I’ve been away/ home / out. 我外出了/回家了/出去了。(现在我在这儿)
Where has Mary gone? 玛丽到哪去了?
She has gone away/ home/ out.
她外出了/回家了/出去了。(现在她不在这儿)
have/ has been in 是指在某地呆过或人仍在某地。
〖例〗根据句意,选取括号中正确的词语填空。
1. He has __________ (been, gone)there many times.
2. — Where’s Jim?
— He __________ England. (went to, has gone to)
3. Mr Green _________ China for three years. (has been to, has been in, has gone to)
4. Bruce is young, but he ___________ many foreign countries. (has been in; has been to; has gone to)
答案:1. been (has been there是“到过那里”的意思。)
2. has gone to(他已经去了,本人不在说话的地方。)
3. has been in(呆在某个地方用has been in)
4. has been to(到过某地用has been to。)
教学设计示例
Lesson 29
Period: Th
《Merry Christmas!(第7页)》