上学期 Unit 12 Mainly revision

教学建议三

关于阅读课文的教学建议

　　本单元第46课是一篇题为“The universe and man-made satellites”的课文，是一篇科技小品。为了引起学生的阅读兴趣，建议让学生带着问题有目的地进行阅读，或在阅读前让学生猜测课文内容，然后再阅读课文，证实他们的猜测。具体做法是：

l．学生们讨论以下问题，并试着回答这些问题。

　　What do we mean when we talk about the universe?

　　Why can’t many stars be seen?

　　How far is the moon away from the earth?

　　Has the moon been visited by man already?

　　Have any man-made machines travelled farther than the moon? What are they?

　　What do you know about the universe?

　　Why do we say the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller?

2．或者教师根据每个自然段内容，设置如下概括性问题：

　　1) What do we mean when we talk about the universe?
　　2) Do you know anything about the moon? Try to say something about it.
　　3) What is a man-made satellite? What's it used for?
　　4) Please say something about people's knowledge of the universe.

　　教师可将学生们的回答简单地板书在黑板的一侧。然后让他们打开书阅读课文。
　　学生们阅读后，教师带着他们验证猜测。在这个过程中，实际上教师是在让学生熟悉本课的大意，并接触课文中的句型和词语。教师在黑板的另一侧板书课文中的关键词，与学生们的猜测答案相对照。下一步让学生逐段复述课文。反复数次后，让学生做根据课文某段所改编的完形填空题。如：

　　The universe means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space ______ them. Many of the stars are so ______ away that we ______ see them.

　　The moon, our ______, travelled ______ the earth. It has been visited _____ man in  spaceships.

　　Man-made ______ have been sent up ______ space by many countries. They go ______ the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more ______ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and ______ messages.  It makes people ______ different countries understand each other better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much ______ place. People call the small place “the global village”.

Answers:

　　between, far, can not, satellite, round, by, satellites, into, round, about, receiving, from, smaller

　　学生在做这个练习答案的过程中，即复习了本课的词语，又掌握了与课文内容相关的新表达方式。这样他们完成其他练习也就不难了。教师可继续让他们将这个练习中的语句与课文作比较，找出异同，例如：

　　1) 课文—Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.
　　练习—Many of the stars are so far away that we cannot see them.
　　2) 课文—The moon travels round the earth. It is our satellite.
　　练习—The moon, our satellite, travels round the earth.

　　在这种比较过程中，学生又一次熟悉了课文内容及词语，特别是被动语态的用法。与此同时也锻炼了他们的思维能力，认识到英语语言表达灵活的特点，为下一步第48课的词汇教学做好辅垫。

关于数字表达方法的教学建议

　　在教授第47课时，为了给学生创造更多的机会，教师可提供火车列车时刻表中全国各主要城市间的距离表或世界各地航空路程表，将其放大制成挂图，贴在黑板上。可先根据　Practise的内容，让学生做快速的连锁问答，使他们熟悉句型和数字，并达到脱口而出的熟练程度。然后练习Ask and　answer可的材料。其中的重要句型是：

　　1 ) How many kilometres by train is it from… to…?
　　2) How far away is…from…?
　　3) What about …?
　　教师要求学生用自己的词填入空缺的部分，这样可以造出许多句子，而且还可以复习或预习课文中出现的词语。例如：
　　1 ) How many li by air is it from … to…?
　　2) How far away is the earth from the moon?
　　3) What about other planet?

  　　练习表示数量的方式有许多种，例如教师将一摞书带到课堂上，让学生猜每本书的页数。
　　做这样的对话：
　　T: How many pages do you think this book has?
　　SI: I think about 120.
　　T: No. The number is too small.
　　S2: What about 500?
　　T: Oh, that's too big.
　　S3: How about 250?
　　T: That's quite right. 265.
　　在初中英语第一册和第二册中，我们已经陆续学习了数字的用法，教师可帮助学生回忆它们的念法，并做快速连锁问答。还可就长度、高度、重量等做问答，例如：How long is the Yellow River? How heavy is your bag? How tall/high is that tree?等等。

关于词语及对话练习的教学建议

　　本单元的生词大部分出现在阅读课文之中。而针对词汇的练习主要由48课的2和3两部分组成。即构词法的部分知识和有关选择电视节目的对话及词语练习。

　　首先，在教学构词法知识时，教师可采取提供部分例词，要求学生通过观察自己总结出构词规则的方式，让学生对构词法知识的认识从感性认识上升到理性认识，从而印象深刻， 记忆牢固。

　　现根据构词法将第一册到第三册中出现的有关单词归类如下：

　　复合名词：afternoon basketball bedroom birthday blackboard bookseller bookshop breakfast classmate classroom day-time doorbell Englishman fireplace football gate-keeper gateman grandparents granddaughter grandson handbag headache headmaster headteacher hometown homework housework kilometre know-all loudspeaker mooncake motorbike northeast northwest

　　pencil-box penfriend photograph playground policeman postcard railway reading-room shopkeeper southeast southwest spaceship sunrise sunshine teapot teamwork volleyball weekday

　　名词变形容词：interesting surprising northern southern woolen

　　动词变名词（结尾-er/or）：

　　cleaner driver inventor keeper teacher speaker traveller visitor worker

　　其次，提供讨论选择电视或电台节目的对话的教学过程。

　　建议教师先向学生展示电视和电台节目表，如下表：

TV: 1. Programme for Children Radio: 1. Music World
　　2. 9—part Series: Family (2) 2. News Report
　　3. China Reports 3. Foreign Languages Magazine
　　4. Series: Women 4. Window on Chinese History
　　5. Chinese Programmes for Foreigners
　　6. Music Bridge
　　7. Basketball Match (Beijing Vs Henan)

将主要句型提供给学，如下：