The worlds population
教学建议二
过去将来时态
一、过去将来时的构成:
would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形
如:The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成。
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。
二、过去将来时的用法:
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。具体分为:
1.主句为过去时,宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如:
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。
2.在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时,用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如:
It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午,一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作,所以,决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
3.过去将来时态一般不能单独使用。因为它表示过去和将来双重的时态概念,必须有另一个时态作为比较或衬托。但在一定的上下文中,也可单独使用。例如:
That afternoon I was on my way home after three years of absence. My whole family would all come out to welcome me back, and I should see my aged and long-de-parted parents very soon.
那天下午,我在离别三年之后踏上了回家的路。我的全家都会出来迎接我,不久我即将见到我那分别已久的年迈父母。
三、过去将来时的其他表示法
1.在时间或条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作。如:
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场。
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
2.go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。如:
She didn’t say when she was coming again next time. 她没说下一次什么时候会再来。
Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。
数词的表达法
1—20逐个熟记。
21~99:先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字号。如:35—thirty-five 69—sixty-nine 。
101~999:先说“几百”,再加and,再加末尾两位数或一位数。如:
226—two hundred and twenty-six
518—five hundred and eighteen
905—nine hundred and five
4位和4位以上的数字:先从后向前数,每三位数空半个阿拉伯数字的位置,第一个空前为thousand(千),第二个空前为million(百万),第三个空前为billion(十亿,美式)或thousand million(英式),然后一节一节读出。(或每三位为一段,用逗号分开,第一个逗号前是thousand,第二个逗号前是million,第三个逗号前是billion。)如:
2 002—two thousand and two
6 000—six thousand
9 876—nine thousand,eight hundred and seventy-six
198 407—a(one)hundred and ninety-eight thousand,four hundred and seven
18 657 421—eighteen million,six hundred and fifty-seven thousand,four hundred and twenty-one
8 000 000 000—eight billion(美式)或eight thousand million(英式),如:
1 000 000 000 000—a(one)trillion(美式),a(one)billion(英式)
注意在上述这样数词中,hundred,thousand,million等词一般用单数形式。如:
ten thousand 一万
a hundred thousand 十万
a hundred million 一亿
a thousand million 十亿
a billion 十亿
注意:英语没有单独表示“万”和“亿”的单词。表示“一万”要用ten thousand,表示“一千万”要用ten million,表示“一亿”要用a hundred million。
教学建议三
过去将来时的教学建议
本单元的语法重点是过去将来时。过去将来时是表示对过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或状况。通常用would或was/were going to+动词原形来表示。如:He said he would go to his hometown for the Spring Festival. 他说他将回家乡去过春节。
They told me that they would visit China the next week.他们告诉我他们下星期将访问中国。
She said that she was going to do some shopping the next day. 她说她第二天将去买东西。
过去将来时通常在以下几种情况下使用。
1.主句为过去时,在宾语从句中表示将来的事情用过去将来时。如第51课中第3部分
Make sentences中的句子:
I didn’t know that they would be able to buy another car.
My uncle never knew that a car would cost more than a house.
意思是:“我当时不知道他们会买另一辆新车。” “我叔叔当时不知道一辆汽车会比一幢房子贵。”
2.在叙述过去的事情时,在当时看来将要发生的事。如:
She was our new teacher and she would be 30 years old that year. We all liked her very much and we were going to have a party for her birthday. 她那时是我们的新老师。她那一年就到30岁了。我们非常喜欢她,打算为她举办一次生日聚会。
过去将来时还有其他一些用法,教师不必讲得太多,因为这个时态在初中阶段仅要求理
解。可以指导学生把一些句子改为过去将来时,如:
The small children did not know who filled their stockings.
The small children did not know who would fill their stockings.小孩子们不知道谁将往他们的袜子里塞东西。
They didn't know what would be in their stockings.小孩子们不知道谁将往他们的袜子里塞东西。
下面一组句子可供教师们作补充练习:
I didn't know that they would be all there. 我不知道他们都会去那儿。
They didn't know whether we would win or not. 他们不知道我们是否会取胜。
He told Jim not to worry. He would take care of Polly. 他告诉吉姆不必担心,他会照看波利的。
He said he was going to send me a Christmas card. 他说他将会给我寄一张圣诞卡。
I couldn't decide which school I would go to. 我当时无法决定上哪一所学校。