英语教案－unin8 A person of great determination教学目标

1．能够熟练读写及运用下面的词汇：
burst into tears, on board, change one’s mind, take charge, to be honest, envy, tear, scold, argue about, apologize for, shout at sb, ahead of, the rest of…, in that case, burst into, but for…, on the point of…, so long as, upon ones word, leave sb. doing sth.
2．学会运用重点句型
　　1）I was very disappointed not to be going out.
　　2）You are obviously a person of great courage.
　　3）Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want.
　　4）….so long as it remains above the surface of the sea.
3．理解及运用语法
复习动词的过去进行时，一般过去时，过去完成时和过去时的被动语态。
4．掌握及灵活运用交际用语
　　1）I’m sorry about that.
　　2）I apologize for being so angry with you.
　　3）I’m sorry to have done that.
　　4）I’m afraid (that)….
　　5）Please excuse me for…

教学建议

教学教法：
　　这篇文章思想性较强，故事很感人。另外在具体语境中词汇的用法地道。教师可把教学重点放在课文内容理解，具体语境中对重点词的把握，以及启发学生面对逆境的生活态度。
语法：Tenses （时态）及被动语态

Tenses （时态）

1.过去进行时的用法
1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，往往通过表示某一段时间的状语或上下文表示。如：
　　①The teacher was giving a lesson at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候老师正在上课。
　　②What were you doing when Mr Li came in? 李先生进来时你在干什么？
2）表示说话人喜悦、不满、厌烦等感情色彩，往往与always，all the time，very often等状语连用。如：
　　①He was smiling all the time. 他一直笑容满面。
　　②Tom was always asking me foolish questions.汤姆总是向我提愚蠢的问题。
3）用于故事开头，描绘故事发生的背景，常常和一般过去时交替使用。如：
　　①He looked out of the window. Dark clouds were moving; it was becoming foggy. 他向窗外望去，乌云飘动着，天正变得雾蒙蒙的。
4）表示运动方向的动词。come，go，start，leave，stay等的过去进行时可以表示从过去看即将发生的行为（即过去将来时）。如：
　　①He said he was staying here for another week. 他说他将在此再呆一周。
　　②I wanted to know when you were leaving for Beijing. 我想知道你何时动身上北京。
▲过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，强调动作的进行或展开的情景，而一般过去时通常表示过去发生的一个事实。如：
　　①Last night Mary wrote a letter to her mother.
昨晚玛丽给她妈妈写了信。（表示写信这个事实，信已写好）
　　②Last night Mary was writing a letter to her mother.
昨晚玛丽一直在给妈妈写信。（强调动作情景，不一定写完信）
2．过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或行为之前已经发生的动作（过去的过去）或从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
1）用介词by表示在过去某个时刻之前或到过去某个时刻为止的意思，用介词before表示在……之前。如：
　　①By the end of last term we had learned five English songs.
到上学期末我们学会五首英语歌曲。
　　②By the time he left school he had studied French（for）two years.
　　到他辍学时他已学了两年法语。
　　③He had come to Europe before the outbreak of the war.他在战争爆发前来到欧洲。
2）常用于由before，after，when，until等连词引导的时间状语从句，because等引导的原因状语从句，as等引导的方式状语从句的复合句中，当强调主句的行为和状语从句的行为先后时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。如：
　　①I had mended the TV set before my brother returned.我兄弟回来之前我修好了电视机。
　　②I didnt go to the movie“The Gold Rush”because I had seen it twice.
　　我没去看电影“淘金热”，因为这部片子我已看过两遍。
3）在含有宾语从句的复合句中当主句谓语动同为said，asked，answered等时，从句谓语动词表示在这以前完成的动作，要用过去完成时。如：
　　①I remembered that I went out after I had closed the door.我记得自己是在关上门后才出去的。
4）表示过去某一时刻延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for构成的介词短语以及since构成的介词短语或时间状语从句连用。如：
　　①Mr Smith had lived there alone（for）two years.史密斯先生独自在那儿居住两年。

被动语态的复习

　　有关被动语态的几种基本句型，这里就不赘述了，在此说明被动语态需注意的几点：
1.动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste, cut, open, read, sell, shut, wear, write 等的主动形式表示被动含义。
The book written by that famous writer is selling very well.
那些名作家写的书非常畅销。（实际是“被”卖的）
2.动词need, want, require 后的动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。如：
These flowers need / want / require watering. (含“被”浇水)这些花需要浇水。
be worth后的动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
This book is well worth reading.这本书值得一读。（实际是“被”读）
3.一些动词的宾语补足语，主动式时不用to, 被动式要带to。这些动词有feel, smell, see, notice。watch, hear, taste, have, make等。如：
People often saw him enter that shop.人们经常看见他进入那个商店。
4.作及物动词用的短语动词的被动语态须保持其完整性。
(1) 动词+介词
We must send for the doctor at once.----The doctor must be sent for at once.
必须立即派人去请医生
（2）动词+名词+介词
They are taking good care of the children.----The children are being taken good care of by them
孩子们正受他们很好的照顾。
(3)动词+副词+介词
People looked down upon women in the past. Women were looked down upon by people in the past. 过去妇女被人瞧不起（轻视）。
语法练习
1. ( 1998NMET>Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
分析：考查进行时态的特性之一——未完成性。从题干but I don’t know whether she has finished it这一信息句可知，该题应填过去进行时，表明去年Shirley写着一本关于中国的书，该书没写完，A、C项时态与本句所用的时间状语不符，B项表明书已在去年写完，与本文不符，故排除。答案是D。
2. (1996NMET) Helen ________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A. has left, comes B. left, had come
C. had left, came D. had left, would come
分析：句意是“海伦不得不等她丈夫回家，因为她将钥匙忘在办公室了”。很显然，leave 的动作发生在的wait之前，应用过去完成时；而第二分句中的主句为一般过去时，其从句是时间状语从句也应用过去时。答案为C。
3. (1995NMET)—_______ the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D.I told
分析：从it all depends on the weather 一句的时态和所告知的内容可以断定，应该用现在完成时的被动形式。答案为A。
4. (1998NMET)My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, road D. had fallen, was riding
分析：while he was riding his bicycle 表示在My brother 正骑自行车的时候，即动作的一瞬间。该题的and hurt himself 具有一定的迷惑性。有学生把hurt and rode 当成并列成分而误选C为正确答案。而实际上hurt 同fell才是并列关系。答案为A。
5. (1997NMET)1 first met Lisa three years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
分析：从信息句three years ago, 可推断是过去时，再由at the time判断该空应填过去进行时。答案为B。
1．辨析in surprise 与by surprise, to one’s surprise:
三者都为“惊奇地”意思，但有区别：
in surprise表示“惊奇地”意思，可作状语或表语。
I was in surprise when she told me that she was an orphan. 她告诉我她是孤儿，我感到诧异。
He asked me in surprise, “how did you get the news? ” 他惊奇地问我“你是怎么得到这个消息的？”
by surprise 只作状语，表示“冷不防地”，常与take, get, seize等动作连用。
The policeman took the thief by surprise as he opened the window. 警察趁小偷打开窗户时，出其不意地把他逮住了。
The castle was taken by surprise. 这座城堡被奇袭攻陷。
To one’s surprise 在句中作表感情的结果状语。
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. 使我吃惊的是，他竟在几天内完成这一任务。
To her great surprise, they are s