九年级Unit 15 A doctor for animals
由dropping 和leaving 组成的两个-ing形式短语在句中作伴随情况状语。如:
They came into the room laughing and talking. 他们说说笑笑地走进屋来。
Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本词典,开始准备功课。
3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……与此同时床坠落到了一楼。
4. It is true to say a dog is man's best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事实上说狗是人类最好的朋友,起码是罗特的最好的朋友。
* 句中it是形式主语,to say a dog动词不定式是真实主语。
句中it作先行代词用。It在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语,而将真正的和逻辑上的主语或宾语(通常用不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示)移到后面去。如:
It is very important for us to learn English. (it代替不定式to learn English做形式主语)我们学习英语是十分重要的。
It takes much time to carry out a test. (it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主语)进行试验是要花费许多时间的。
it 作形式宾语:在具有宾语补语的句子里,it在动词后作直接宾语的先行代词,在宾语补语后面再出现真正的直接宾语(一般以不定式短语、动名词短语表示,但也有用that引出一个宾语从句)。如:
I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我发现在课堂上学习有点儿难,因为我一直在想着下午的比赛。
We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我们认为学好计算机是有用的。
* at least 意思是"至少,起码"。如:
At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能给你十美元。
at least 的反义词是at most 意思是"至多"。
I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。
三、本单元词语辨析
1.alone和lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区别:
lonely用作形容词,意思是"孤单的;寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语,也可作定语。alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是"单独;独自",不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
例:feel lonely(√);a lonely traveller(√)
be alone(√);a alone house(×)
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到寂寞。
2. before long和 long before
before long 作"不久以后"讲,切不要按字面译为"长时间以前"或"好久以前"。如:
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。
long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久",故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long 不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句;当上下文明确时,名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我们昨天开始做实验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。
3. as, when, while
as 是连词,意思是"当……的时候,一面……一面",(强调同时,一般连续时间不长),如:
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时,教师进来了。
The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
When和as一样都是连词,注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"(一般表示动作紧接着发生);"那时"(等立连词,前有逗号分开)
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山,那时天开始下雨了。
while是"当……时候;和……同时"(强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长)
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
四、本单元语法重点
The Infinitive (3)动词不定式(三)
用作主语
动词不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不作谓语,动词不定式具有名词的特征,因此它在句子中可以作主语。比如:
① To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学好一门外语不容易。
② To play in the street is dangerous. 在街上玩很危险。
③ To grow plants is very important. 种些植物很重要。
注意,作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代放在句子开头,动词不定式(或短语)通常放在谓语后面,但翻译时可不必将it译出来,上面几个句子还可表述为:
① It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
② It is dangerous to play in the street.
③ It is important to grow plants.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语。
It's important for us to learn a foreign language.
对我们来说学好一门外语很重要。
It's a little painful to get an injection. 注射有一点疼。
It's not interesting to work in a hospital. 在医院工作不是很有趣。
五、同步练习
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I don't know when ______(have) a picnic.
2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work ______(do).
3. It's impossible for us ______(finish) the work in such a short time.
4. teacher asked us ______(be) careful when we crossed the road.
5. Last week they went to the farm ______(help) the farmers with their work.
6. She wants ______(be) a doctor when she grows up.
7. How long does it take you ______(get) to the factory by bus?
8. My mother never lets me ______(play) football after lunch.
六、同步练习答案及讲解
1. to have(这是带有疑问词的动词不定式,在句中做宾语。)
2. to do(不定式做定语,修饰work。)
3. to finish(动词不定式做主语。)
4. to be(不定式做宾语补足语。)
5. to help(不定式做状语。)
6. to be(不定式做宾语。)
7. to get(不定式做主语。)
8. play(不定式做宾语补足语。有些动词如:let,make,feel,have,hear,see,watch等后面的动词不定式做宾语补足语时,动词不定式省掉to。)
《九年级Unit 15 A doctor for animals(第2页)》