高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities

【 心中有数 】

　　单元语法发散思维

　　非谓语动词的逻辑主语与测试热点

　　动名词、分词、不定式由于句意或语法的需要，要带上自身的逻辑主语 (也称作复合结构) ，它们依据在句中所起的不同作用需要不同的形式，在测试中极易混淆，下面是考试的热点：

　　※ 动名词的逻辑主语

　　1. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon .

　　A . you to call B . you call C . your calling D . you\'re calling
　　
　　2. Do you mind ____ alone at home ?

　　A . Jane leaving B . Jane having left C . Jane\'s being left D . Jane to be left

　　3. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ?

　　A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking

　　4. I can\'t understand ____ at that poor child .

　　A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing

　　［分析］答案依次为C、C、C、D。

　　〖思维一〗动名词的逻辑主语有两种形式：

　　1 . 动名词及其逻辑主语在句中一同作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，不可用宾格或普通格。如：

　　My (Tom\'s) being late made the teacher angry . (作主语不可用 me 或 Tom)

　　His (Smith\'s) being elected manager surprised us a lot . (作主语不可用 him 或 Smith)

　　2 . 动名词及其逻辑主语在句中一同作宾语时，动名词的逻辑主语除用物主代词和名词所有格外，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格。如：
　　
　　The teacher is angry at my (Tom\'s ) being late . (作宾语可用 me 或 Tom)

　　Would you mind my (my sister\'s) turning up the radio a little ? (作宾语可用me 或 my sister)

　　※ 不定式的逻辑主语

　　That\'s really kind ____ .

　　A . of you to say so B . for you to say so C . of you saying D . for you saying so

　　We think it dangerous ____ swimming alone in the river .

　　A . of him to go B . of him going C . for him to go D . for him going

　　［分析］答案依次为A、C。不定式的逻辑主语有两种形式：

　　〖思维二〗1 . 大多数情况下不定式的逻辑主语由“形容词 + for sb . to do”构成。如：

　　It is necessary for us to learn a second foreign language .

　　Abraham Lincoln thought it not right for the South to break away from the Union .

　　2 . 如果逻辑主语前面是表示人的性格特征的形容词如 kind、friendly、clever、wise、cruel、foolish、stupid 等时用“形容词 + of sb . to do”结构。如：
　　
　　It\'s foolish of him to lend so much money to her .

　　It\'s kind of you to have given us so much help .

　　上述两种结构可用下列方法区分：可改成“sb . + be to do”意义成立时用“of sb . to do sth . ”，改成“sb . + be to do”意义不通时用“for sb . to do。”如上例中可改为：
　
　　He is foolish to lend her so much money . (成立)

　　We are necessary to learn a second foreign language . (不成立)

　　※ 分词的逻辑主语(独立主格结构)

　　The meeting ____ over , we all left the room and drove home .

　　A . is B . to be C . being D . would be

　　Lit by countless lights , ____ .

　　A . We find the hall very beautiful B . many of the people admire the hall

　　C . the hall is as bright as the day D . children entered the hall

　　____ , they will go and visit the zoo .

　　A . Weather permitting B . Weather permitted

　　C . Weather being permitted D . Weather having permitted

　　［分析］答案依次为C、C、A。

　　〖思维三〗分词的逻辑主语(独立主格结构) 有三种主要形式：

　　1 . 当主句主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，分词短语必须有自己的逻辑主语。如：

　　Tom being late , the teacher got angry .

　　(the teacher 不是 being 的逻辑主语，故分词短语 being late 要有自己的逻辑主语)
　
　　The signal given , we started the car .

　　注意一：动名词的复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不能用名词的普通格或代词的主格，分词的复合结构不能用所有格。试对比：

　　Rose\'s failing in the exam surprised every one of us . (不可改为 Rose)

　　Rose failing in the exam , every one of us was surprised . (不可改为 Rose\'s)

　　He playing tricks on the child , the child got angry . (不可改为 his)

　　His playing tricks on the child made the child angry . (不可改为 him)

　　注意二：如果主句的主语也是分词短语的逻辑主语，该分词短语不得再带任何主语，如：

　　Seeing his parents , the boy couldn\'t help crying .

　　Swept by the students , the hall looks wider and bigger .
　　
　　2 . with 构成的复合结构

　　The murderer was brought in , with his hands ____ behind his back .

　　A . being tied B . having tied C . to be tied D . tied

　　［分析］答案为D。

　　with 构成的复合结构，逻辑主语后可有下列形式：

　　with + 宾语 + 现在分词 (现在分词表主动)

　　In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person .

　　with + 宾语 + 过去分词 (过去分词表被动)

　　He sat there with his eyes fixed on the blackboard .

　　with + 宾语 + 不定式 (表将要发生的动作)

　　I can\'t work with you to turn on the radio .

　【 动手动脑 】
　
　　单元能力立体检测

　　请填入适当的冠词：

　　1 . I learned the news of Mr Rabin\'s death on ______ radio , not on ______ TV .

　　2 . The little girl went into the kitchen with _____ knife and _____ fork .

　　3 . Would you please go to _____ cinema with me?

　　4 . The camera was made in _____ United States of America .

　　5 . I\'m tired of city life . I\'ll go to _____ country for a few days .
　　
　　6 . US Secretary of State Warren Christopher will travel to _____ Middle East next Monday .

　　7 . _____ Hague ( 海牙 ) is

《高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities(第4页)》