American English

（3）He is well-known as a writer. 作为一名作家他很出名。

２）as作连词，有以下几种不同含义：

a. 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，“随着……”“一边……一边……”。如：

He saw his daughter as he was getting off the bus.

　他下车看见了他的女儿。（两个短暂动作几乎同时发生）

b. 引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，“既然”，as = since（语气比because弱）。as原因状语从句多位于主句前。如：

（1）As (Since) you are not feeling well, you may stay home.

　　　既然你不太舒服，你就留在家里吧。

（2）As he was ill, I went without him. 因为他有病，我独自去了。

　　c. 引导比较状语从句，“像……一样。”常用于as(副词)…as和not as …as结构中。如：

（3）The book is not so easy as you imagine.　这本书不像你想象的那么容易。

d. 引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”、“如同”。

 She loves singing just as her mother did.她正像她母亲一样喜欢唱歌。

3）as用作关系代词，引导定语从句，意为“像……的人／物”，“如……那样。”主要用于such …as, the same …as 结构中，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。例如：

Such books as you bought yesterday are helpful to children.像你昨天买的那些书对孩子们有益。

直接引语和间接引语的区别

1.下列情况中，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不变：

1)直接引语中的过去完（进行）时在间接引语中时态不变

例如:Tom said, “My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.”

Tom said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.

2) 间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍继续进行或存在进，其时态不变。

例如：”I am eight.” the boy said.   The boy said that he is eight.

3) 直接引语中,如果表示过去的时间状语用来表示事态发生或存在的具体时间,变间接引语时,其谓语动词仍用一般过去时。

4）转述习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时,其时态不变。

5）引述动词为现在时,间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态。

例如:He says, “I have accepted her invitation.”   He says that he has accepted her invitation.

6).如果直接引语用虚拟语气，变间接引语时，仍用原来的动词形式。

例如：’I insist that you give up smoking,’ said the doctor.

The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.

7).时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时，在间接引语中保持不变。

8).如果直接引语是以would like 作谓语的特殊疑问句，间接引语中would like 不变；如果直接引语是一般疑问句，like 之后接动名词或名词作宾语，间接引语中would like也不变。

2.直接引语是祈使句变间接引语，通常将say 改为ask 或tell, order等词，构成ask (tell, order) sb. to do sth.结构。原祈使句如果是否定的，要在不定式结构前加not，原祈使句中如果带有please一词，间接引语也不再使用。

例如：‘Please open the second window,’ he said.    He asked me to open the second window.

2.直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，谓语动词应用一个能表达原意的词语。

例如：She said, “What a lovely day.”  She remarked with joy that it was such a lovely day.