Unit 21 Karl Marx
fast, quick, rapid
这三个词都可作“快”解。
fast多指运动着的人或物体,本身具有高速度的特点。
quick一般用于指迅速的、一瞬间的或短暂的动作与反应,侧重“匆忙”的含义,不强调速度。
rapid常与fast相互换用,但侧重动作本身,有急促的含义,它所指的动作可能是一个或一连串的。rapid还用来指水流急速。
The winning car reached a speed of forty miles——much faster than any of its rivals.
获胜的那辆车的时速达到40英里——比它的任何竞争者要快得多。
…they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. 他们迅速地把醉汉拖到安全处。
It is a rapid river. 那是一条湍急的河流。
catch a cold ,have a cold
这两个动词短语均可作“感冒”解,但具体运用时是有区别的。
l)catch a cold强调“感冒”的行为,have a cold表示“感冒”持续的状态。
Yesterday he caught a cold. 昨天他患了感冒。
He has a bad cold now. 他现在感冒了。
2)catch a cold不可与表示一段时间的状语连用,而have a cold of可以。
3)catch a cold中的a可以省略,但cold前有形容词修饰时则不能省略;have a cold中的a不能省,在口语中它等于have got a cold.
Put on more clothes or you'll catch (a) cold. 多穿点衣服,要不然会感冒的。
She has had a cold for two weeks. 她感冒两周了。
keep on doing ,keep doing
l) keep on doing相当于go on doing, 指动作、行为有间歇之后继续进行,也指长期坚持某事。
After a rest, she kept on working. 休息之后,她继续工作。
He kept on asking the same question. 她老是问着同一个问题。
2) keep doing指动作不间断地继续着。如:
It kept raining the whole night. 雨不停地下了一整夜。
3)keep on doing 与 keep doing 二者可以换用;一般都不接表示静止状态的词,如
standing; sitting, lying, sleeping等。如:
Why do they keep (on) laughing all the time? 他们为什么老是笑个不停?
I've learned about 1,000 words, but I keep (on) forgetting some of them. 我大约学了1000个单词,可有些单词老是记不住。
advice,advise
均可表示“建议、劝告”之意 ,其区别是:
l)advice为不可数名词,无复数形式,不能与定冠词连用。请记住下列结构:
a piece of advice 一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议
some advice 一些建议 follow/take one's advice 听从某人劝告
give sb. some advice on sth./give sb. advice on doing sth./ give sb. advice on how to do sth. 就… …给某人提建议
2)advise是动词,常用于下列结构中:
advise +名词/代词
advise sb. to do sth. advise+ that+ sb. + (should) do sth.
He advised you to give up smoking.他劝你把烟戒了。
I advised she (should) study English well.我劝她把英语学好。
cut down, cut up
cut down可用来表示“砍倒”;“减少”;“降低”;“缩短”。如:
The boy cut down the young tree with an axe. 那小孩斧子砍倒了小树。
cut up可用来表示“切碎”。如:
The man first cut the tree down and then cut it up. 那人先把树砍倒,然后把它劈成碎片。
force, make
force与make 都有“迫使”的意思,但在意义上和用法上有所区别。
force含有暴力威胁之意,其结构是force+名词+to do sth.
The policemen forced the boys to stop fighting.警察们迫使男孩子们停止打斗。
He was forced to give up and put in prison. 他被迫投降并被关进了监狱。
make用法比较广泛,它所表示的强迫意义有时不如force强,常用的句型结构make sb do sth.
What makes you think so? 你怎么会这样想呢?
The children were made to keep their room clean and tidy. 要求孩子们保持房间的干净和整洁。
课文重点分析
He received his doctor’s degree in April 1841.他在1841年4月获得了博士学位。
句中的doctor是博士,这是大学授予的最高学位,学位(degree)分三种:
学士:Bachelor of Arts (B.A) 文学士 Bachelor of Science (B. Sc)理学士
硕士:Master of Arts (M. A)文学硕士 Master of Science (M. Sc)理学硕士
博士:Doctor of laws 法学博士 Doctor of philosophy博士
Doctor of medicine 医学博士
However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things.
1)go on to do和go on doing
都是继续做某事,前者是做完一件事之后,接下来做另一件事,而后者则是继续做同一件事。
After I finished my English,1 went on to do Chinese.做完英语作业之后,我接着做语文作业。
It was raining, but the farmers went on working in the field.天下着雨,但农民们仍继续在地里干活。
2)be sure about/of sth. 或 be sure that…“对……有把握”
I want to buy a pair of shoes for my brother, but I’m not sure about his size. 我想给弟弟买双鞋,但不清楚他穿多大号的。
Are you sure that you locked the door?你肯定锁门了吗?
注:be sure 后面还可跟whether, where等引导的从句。
I am not sure whether they could come or not.我不能肯定他们是否能来。
John was sure where he left his watch.约翰确信他把手表放在那里了。
另外:be sure to do sth. 表示务必做某事
Be sure to turn off the gas before you leave the room. 你走之前务必把煤气关好。
….his English in one of those articles was so good that Engels praised him for it.他的英语在一篇文章里非常好,因此恩格斯表扬了他。
A: so + adj. / adv. +that
B: so + adj. +可数名词单数+that
C: such + a + adj.
《Unit 21 Karl Marx(第2页)》