Unit 18 The necklace

e/ real pearl. 这颗珍珠是真的。
　　The news was true. 那消息是真的。
　　This is a true story of real life. 这是一个从现实生活中取材的真实故事。
　　It is a story of a true man. 这是一个根据真人所编的故事。
　　He is true to his friends. 他忠于朋友。
　　5.recognize与know
　　recognize侧重辨认，认得曾见过或听过的人或事物，指再认过程。
　　know指通过交往或接触而与某人或某事熟悉，而不表示再认。例子如下：
　　I know him, so I can recognize his voice on the telephone. 我熟悉他，所以我能在电话中听出他的声音。
　　6.jewellery与jewel
　　jewellery（总称）珠宝，珠宝饰物，无复数，为不可数名词。
　　jewel指“宝石”，宝石饰物，有复数，为可数名词。例子如下：
　　She never wears jewellery. Her jewels were kept in the safe. 她从不戴首饰物。她的首饰都放在保险柜里。
　　7.pay back, pay for, pay off, pay out
　　pay back “偿还，偿付；报复”。pay本身即有“付清、付账”的意思，加back后更强调“偿还”的意思。
　　pay for“付款，偿付。”介词for表示“交换”，表示“花……买……”。
　　pay off“还清债务，付掉”。
　　pay out“付出”。例子如下：
　　It’s high time he paid you back the money he owes you.
　　How much did you pay for the recorder?
　　I’ll pay off my debt with this check.
　　They paid out $ 550 that month.
句子分析
　　1．Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?你还记得十年前一个下午我到你家来借项链的事吗？
　　句中的主句是“Do you remember one afternoon ten year ago”；其后连接一个以关系副词when引导的宾语从句“when I came to your house had borrowed a necklace of yours”。对于关系副词在定语从句中的应用，可以记住三个常用短语：the place where; the time when; the reason why。例如：
　　This is the place where Zhou Enlai once lived and worked.这是周恩来来曾经居住和工作过的地方。
　　I will never forget the days which/that I spent with my grandma in the country.我永远也不会忘记我在乡下与祖母一起度过的那些日子。
　　说明：尽管句中的先行词(the) days,但由于关系词在定语从句中充当其谓语动词spent 的宾语，因而只能用关系代词which/that,而不能用关系副词when。
　　This is the computer company which/that we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观过的那家电脑公司。
　　2．I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我的办公室里唯一一个受邀请的人。
　　当先行词前有the only, the very, all, every, any, no等修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that（这是相对which而言的），它在从句中作主语或宾语。但是，如果先行词指的是“人”，通常尽可能用who。例如：
　　Tom is the very man who I'm going to employ.汤姆正是我打算雇佣的人。
　　All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。
　　in my office把定语从句与先行词隔开，这种隔离型定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别是：
　　1)非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。例如：
　　Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
　　All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
　　2)作宾语用的关系代词不可省略。例如：
　　Miss Howe ,whom you met in the library, is our new teacher.
　　This is our farm, which you visited last year.
　　3)从句与主句之间，要用逗号隔开。(如前面所举各例)
　　4)将带有非限制性定语从句的句子译成汉语时，一般译成单独的两个句子。例如：
　　There are about 3,000 students in our school, 45% of whom are girls.  我们学校大约有3，000名学生，其中百分之四十五是女生。
　　He is an experienced worker, from whom we can learn a lot. 他是一位有经验的工人，从他身上我们可以学到很多。
　　5)which可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句，代表主句所表示的整个概念和部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思同and this相似。例如：
　　The New Land was discovered by Columbus, which is known to us all. (which 作主语)
　　She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. (which 作宾语)
　　She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. (which 作表语)
　　3．I’m sorry ,but I don't think I know you. 很抱歉，我想我不认识你。
　　1) I’m sorry, but…是个很有用的句型，表示“婉转地谢绝对方”或“很有礼貌地请对方干什么”。如：
　　—I'm sorry, but your name? 请问你的姓名？
　　—William. 威廉姆。
　　—Would you like to join us tomorrow evening?   明晚和我们一起来怎么样？
　　2）I don’t think I know you. 这一句不能说成I think I don’t know you. 因为动词think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等后接否定的宾语从句时，常常将否定词置于主句中，形成I don’t think/ suppose / believe…。宾语从句仍用肯定形式。
　　I don't suppose it will rain.我猜不会下雨吧。
　　I don't think you are right.我认为你不对。
　　请注意这种复合句的反意疑问句。
　　I don't suppose it will rain, will it?
　　He doesn't suppose it will rain, does he?
　　主句的主语是第一人称时，反意疑问句应当针对从句反问；反之，则针对主句反问。

语法——疑问句的直接引语和间接引语

复习：

 

在直接引语中

在间接引语中

指示代词

this

these

that

those

表时间的词

now

today

this week(month, etc.)

yesterday

last week (month, etc.)

two days ago

tomorrow

next week(month, etc.)

then

that day

that week(month, etc.)

the day before

the week (month, etc.) before

the next (following) day

the next (following) week

表地点的词

here

there

动词

come

go

方法：
　　1)直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语由连词if/whether(是否)引导。
　　A asked(B)if/whether+陈述句。
　　“Are you tired?” he asked her.→He asked her if/whether she was tired. 他问她是否感到累了。
　　2)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，用原来的疑问词引导间接引语，即：

《Unit 18 The necklace(第2页)》