English programmes
句中的do是语气词，用来加强语气，常用在肯定句中，根据情况有不同译法。例如：
Do write me soon. 一定早点写封信给我。
2. 注意构词法：
1) “形容词+后缀ly”构成副词，如本课的clear (adj.) + ly → clearly (adv.)。又如：
注意：以y结尾的形容词加ly时，要将y变成i, 然后加ly.
2) “动词+tion”构成名词，如本课中的explain (v.) + tion→explanation (n.)。又如：
inform (v. 告知 ) + tion → information (n.信息)
invent (v.发明) + tion → invention (n.发明)
congratulate (v. 祝贺 ) + tion → congratulation (n.祝贺)
instruct (v. 指示) + tion → instruction (n. 指示)
suggest (v. 建议) + tion→ suggestion (n. 建议)
Lesson 47
本课及下课着重讲授和练习 it作形式主语的句型：It is (was) + adj./n. + to do sth. 除了在 Language Study中所给例句外，还可增补以下例句：
It is necessary to ask her for help. 要求她帮忙是必要的。(=To ask her for help is necessary.)
通过举例和随后的练习，最后可归纳以下三点：
1)it在句中是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后部的不定式或不定式短语(to do sth.)。
2）当这个不定式很短的时候，可以把这个不定式放在主语的位置，而无需借助于形式主语(见上述两例的括号中的句子)。又如：
It is easy to do, but it is difficult to understand. → To do is easy, but to understand is difficult. 做起来容易，要理解却很难。(知难行易)
3) 但是，如果作主语的不定式短语较长，则通常将形式主语it放置句首，而将真正的主语置于句尾，以避免句子“头重脚轻”，如：
To pick up BBC programmes on the radio is easy. 应该改作：
It is easy to pick up BBC programmes on the radio.
动词不定式在句中作主语
1)不定式或不定式短语作主语时，可直接放在句首。如：
To learn a foreign language is necessary. 学习一门外语是必要的。
2)当不定式短语较长时，通常用it作形式主语放在句首，将真正主语不定式结构放在句子后部。其常见句型有：
a. It is /was+形容词/ 名词+ to do sth.做……是（如何的）。
b. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人……
It is easy to pick up China Radio International Programmes.
收听中国国际广播电台的节目很容易。
It took me 3 days to read the book.
读这本书花了我三天时间。
3）当不定式需要带上自己的逻辑主语时，须用介词for / of, 即for / of sb. to do sth. （它被称为不定式的复合结构。）其基本句型为：
A)it is+ 形容词+of sb.+ to do sth. ==sb.+ be+形容词+to do sth.
该句型中形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等，形容词多为brave, careless, clever, polite, wrong, kind, good, nice, foolish, rude (粗鲁的), selfish(自私的)等。如：
It’s very kind of you to say so. == You're kind to say so. 谢谢你这样说。
B) It is + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.
= It’s + 形容词 + that + sb. do sth.
在此句型中，形容词只对不定式行为者作某种描述，而不涉及其品行。这类形容词有： difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, possible, impossible, necessary 等。如：
It is impossible for him to carry a big box.
( = It's impossible that he carries a big box. )
4）如果是疑问句或感叹句，则只能用it作形式主语的形式，如：
Is it important to practise listening? 练习听力很重要吗？
教学设计方案Lesson 45
Teaching Aims
1.To learn how to improve the four skills in English.
2.To learn to use the following useful words, expressions and sentence structures; advice; find + n. +adj.; The more..., the...
3.To make sure that the students can use the functional sentences and make a similar dialog.
Step I Warming-up
T: You have learnt English for several years. Do you think you have learned English well? If not, what do you think hardest in English － listening, speaking, reading or writing?
Step II Reading and listening
1.Allow the Ss to listen to the tape with their books closed and ask the question;
1).What does Zhou Lan find hardest in English?
2).Why does Bruce suggest that Zhou Lan buy a radio?
Answers:1) Zhou Lan finds listening really hard.
2)You can listen to China Radio International or BBC English programmes(第3页) on the radio.
2.After reading, do the following True or False exercises
1). The more you listen to English, the more difficult it becomes. F
2).Why don’t you buy a radio? T
3).Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them? T
4).You needn’t find an English pen friend.F
Step III Language points
1).find +n.+adj.
2).The more…., the….
3).go with---be together with
4).advice
5).help---make better
Fill in the following blanks
1) What do you find______ in English?
2) The ________you listen to English, the _________it becomes.
3) Do you think that would_________?
4) And _______ ________buy some English tapes and some books to _______ with them?
5) Well, ______ _______, you’d better find an English _______friend.
Keys: hardest , more, easier, help, why not , go, for that, pen
Step IV Practice
《English programmes(第3页)》
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