American English

7. At first, the language stayed the same as th language used in Britain. 起初这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同。

But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western English. 但是美国人还是说 “fall” , 就像英格兰西部有些地区的人说 “fall”一样。

1）stay 在句中相当于连系动词，意为“保持某种状态”；相当于keep的意思，通常接形容词作表语，无被动语态。它还可以用作不及物动词，表示“停留”等，例如：

The shop stayed open till 6 o’clock. 这家商店一直营业到六点。

句式一：stay + 形，维持（……的状态）。如：

The windows stayed open all the night.

句式二：stay(+副)，停留（在某处）。如：

You should stay in bed.

句式三：stay (+ 副)，留宿，客居，暂住。如：

How long did you stay in New York?

2）the same as / the same …as 是“和……一样”的意思。在same之前总要加定冠词the。 as 是关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as 从句可用省略形式。如：

This is the same material as is used in building the bridge. 这和建那座桥所用的材料一样。（as 作主语）

3）just as 意为“正如，恰似”，as 是连词，引导一个方式状语从句，有时也可引导表语从句。如：

She loves singing just as her mother did. 她喜欢唱歌，正像她妈妈过去喜欢唱歌一样。

Jack didn’t feel just as his wife did. 汤姆并不像他妻子感受的那样。（引导表语从句。）

8．Would you please say that again more slowly? = Will you please say that again more slowly? = Please say that again more slowly.

“Would/will you please. . . ?”是婉转提出要求时的礼貌用语，用would比用will更加礼貌，多用于对陌生人或长辈说话的场合。注意该句型后接动词原形，肯定回答：Yes, I will. / Sure, / All right. Certainly. / Yes, please. 否定回答：No, I won’t. / I’m sorry, but I can’t. / No, thank you.

9．In China about seven people in ten speak putonghua.

   in 作介词，表示比例、比率，例如：

   One in ten students could solve the problem.

10．I know only a little English. 我只懂一点英语.
little 作"少"解，有否定的意味，即"少得几乎没有"（almost no）的意思，a little虽然也作"少"解，但有肯定的意味，"即虽少但还有一点"的意思.而only a little 却是否定的.和little 同义,在非正式文体中一般用only a little来代替little.
试比较下列对话：
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink? 我渴了，给我一点水喝好吗？
B：Sure. There is a little water in the bottle. Take it.好的，瓶里还有一点水，拿去吧。
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink?我渴了，给我一点水喝好吗？
B：I'm sorry, but there is little / only a little water in the bottle.
      对不起，瓶里没有什么水了。

1．no longer 与no more

   这是一对近义词，都作“不再”、“再也不”（for no further period of time ）解，一般可通用。

　　１）no more一般位于句末或句首，而no longer则可用于实义动词之前，助动词或连系动词之后，或者位于句尾。例如：

（1）He still smoked, but he drank no more. 他还在吸烟，但不再喝酒了。

（2）They are no longer staying with us.  他们不再跟我们住在一起。

2） no more ＝ not. . . any more, no longer = not. . . any longer. no more/ longer 是正式用法，not. . . any more/longer 比较自然。如：

（1）I do not see him any more/any longer.我不能再看到他了。

（2）I did not feel sick any more. 我不再感到恶心了。

3）no more (not. ..any more) 强调数量和程度，表示动作不再重复，一般指把现在的情况将来对比，即“现在如何如何，将来不再这样(now, but not in the future)”. no longer(not. . .any longer) 强调时间，表示动作不再延缓，一般是现在的情况同过去对比，即“过去如何如何，现在不再这样(once, but not now) 。”
例如：

（1）She is not a child any longer.

= She is no longer a child. 她再也不是个孩子了。

（2）I won't do such stupid things any more.

= I'll do such stupid things no more.  我（今后）再也不干这种蠢事了。

2. 辨析          however / but / while

 从词义上看，三词相近，均表示上下文之间语气的转折，其中but语气强烈，译作“但是”；从词性上看，however作“然而、可是”解时是副词，而but与while是连词，用于连接并列分句；从句子位置看，but与while一般位于两个并列分句的中间，however位置灵活，可位于可首，句中或句尾，而且必须用“，”与句子分开。例如：

We love peace, but we are not afraid of war.

This plan is all right; however, it can be made better.

I’m interested in sports while my brother is fond of music.

   He is young, but he knows a lot. 他尚年幼，但懂得却多。

Later, however, he decided to go. 可后来他决定去了。

３．A great many words and expressions have come into the language from American English(第2页)…

英语中表“许多”的词组有很多，一般可按其用法分为以下三类：

　修饰可名词：many; a great (good, large ) number of; quite a few; numbers of; many a ; a great (good) many; scores of 等。many a ,其意近似于many , 但many a 后边接可数名词单数，如：

Many a student has such a question.

　修饰不可数名词：much; a great (good ) deal of; a large amount of; large amounts of等。

　既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of; large quantities of 等。

plenty of, a lot of / lots of常用在肯定句中，否定句中多用many或much 。如：

Today I haven’t much work to do. 今天我没有许多事做。

4. Now ask your partner for the answers.

句式“ask + 名(人)+ for +名”意为“向（某人）请求……”；“向（某人）要求……”，例如：

He asked his parents for a motorcycle.

比较下列句式：

句式一：ask +for+名，向……要，例如：

After dinner I asked for coffee.

句式二：ask +名(+ for/to+ 名),　请……，例如：

I have been asked for (to) dinner tonight.

句式三：ask + 名（