高一新教材备课资料(U4)
)refer to表示“查阅”、“提到”、“谈到”、“指的是”等。如：
When you meet a new word, you can refer to the dictionary. 遇到生词时，你可以查阅词典。
The speaker referred to his notes several times during the speech. 那位演讲者在演讲过程中几次参看讲稿。
What I have to say refers to all of you.我要说的话涉及到你们大家。
13. struggle with 与…斗争
struggle 常用作不及物动词，与介词 with, for或 against连用。如：
She struggled with/against the thief for a while.他与小偷搏斗了一会儿。
He has been struggling for success in his business. 为了事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。
14.spends a lot of time watching TV. 花费大量时间看电视
spend time/money on sth.表示“在某方面花费时间/钱”，介词 on后接名词或代词；
spend time/money (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间/钱做某事”，介词 in可以省略，后接动名词。如：
He doesn\'t spend much time on his homework. 他花在作业上的时间不多。
How much did you spend buying / in buying the new computer?买这台新电脑花去你多少钱？
15.be far away from的用法
be far away(from...)意为“（距离……）遥远”，是模糊说法。若 away前有表示具体距离的短语时，far必须去掉。试比较：
The school is far away (from here) .学校（离这儿）很远。
The airport is about 20 kilometres away from our company. 机场距离我们公司为 20公里。
16.Looking up at.. .makes you feel so small.抬头仰望…使你感到自己很渺小。
look up意为“抬头看；仰望；（在字典里）查阅”等。如：
He looked up and found many birds flying in the sky.他抬头看，发现许多鸟儿在空中飞翔。
If you meet new words, look them up in the dictionary. 如果你遇到生词，可以查阅词典。
2)动名词可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。这里“Looking up at...”短语作主语。再如：
I believe traveling in space will be easy then. 我相信到那时太空旅游会容易些。（作主语）
I\'m 16 and I like dancing and computers.我16岁，喜欢跳舞和电脑。（作宾语）
My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs.我的兴趣是看小说，踢足球和唱歌。（作表语）
17. They are not at all afraid of people. 它们一点也不怕人。
1) not... at all意为“一点也不；根本不”，起加强语气的作用。如：He doesn\'t smoke at all. 他从来不吸烟。
I\'m not at all sorry I came, I\'m glad! 我来了一点也不遗憾，我很高兴。
2) be afraid of 意为“害怕，担心”，后接名词、代词或现在分词；后接从句时，省略of。如:
He is afraid of his own shadow. 他连自己的影子都害怕。 I\'m afraid that I don\'t understand you.抱歉，我不明白你的意思。
18.take a photo of 给…照相
take a photo of 还可以说 take photos ／picture of， of后接拍照的对象。如：
They had many photos taken on the Great Wall. 他们在长城上拍了很多照片。
Can I take a photo of you? 我可以给你照张相吗？
19. on the way to + 名词/代词；on the way + 副词“在去…途中”
on the way to. . .意为“在路上”、“在途中”，to后接名词或代词；后接副词时，不可有to。如：On the way, a young man waved to me.路上，一个年轻人挥手招呼我。On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. 在回家的路上，他问詹妮是否喜欢这次讲演 I fell on the way to school. 我在上学的路上跌倒了。
20. Don\' t forget to bring your camera. 别忘记带上相机。
forget 意为“忘记”，后可接名词、代词、不定式或现在分词形式。注意：forget to do 表示“忘记去做（还没有做）”， forget doing表示“忘记做了某事（已经做过）”。如：I have forgotten her name.我忘记了她的名字。
She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service. 她几乎忘记给他的服务付小费。
I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.我永远不会忘记听她唱那支歌时的情景。
【语法点评］ 定语从句常见错误例析
定语从句是中学英语中较难掌握的从句之一，其规则繁杂，难以记忆，因而同学们在运用过程中常出现错误。现归类分析如下： 一、关系代词错用 A) that和 which
1. 误 : I\' ve read all the books which you lent me. 正 : I\' ve read all the books that you lent me.
析：定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，little，few，much，very等修饰时，关系代词要用 that。
2.误: This is the last lesson which Mr Green taught us.正 : This is the last lesson that Mr Green taught us.
析：定语从句的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词要用that。
3. 误: Is there anything else which I can do for you?正： Is there anything else that I can do for you?
析：定语从句的先行词是everything，anything，nothing等不定代词时，关系代词要that.
4. 误: They talked about the persons and things which they remembered in the old days.
正 : They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the old days.
析：定语从句的先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词要用that。
5. 误 : My hometown is no longer the place which it used to be. 正: My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
析：定语从句中，关系代词充当从句的表语时，该关系代词要用that。
6. 误; Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.正 : Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.
析：关系代词that不能用于非限制性定语从句，但which可以。
7. 误: He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.正 : He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south.
析：关系代词that不能用于“介词十关系代词”结构，但which可以。
B) who 和 whom
8. 误 : The man with who I worked has left.正: The man with whom I worked has left.
析：关系代词 who指人，作主语； whom也指人，但作宾语。在“介词十关系代词”结构中，先行词是人，关系词用whom；先行词是物，关系词用which
二、关系代词漏用
9. 误: The student is standing there is our monitor.
正: The student who/that is standing there is our monitor.正 : The student standing there is our monitor.
f 析：定语从句中关系代词作主语时不能省略。这里也可以把定语从句改为现在分词形式作定语。
三、关系代词与关系副词混淆 《高一新教材备课资料(U4)(第2页)》
本文链接地址：http://www.oyaya.net/fanwen/view/165381.html
When you meet a new word, you can refer to the dictionary. 遇到生词时，你可以查阅词典。
The speaker referred to his notes several times during the speech. 那位演讲者在演讲过程中几次参看讲稿。
What I have to say refers to all of you.我要说的话涉及到你们大家。
13. struggle with 与…斗争
struggle 常用作不及物动词，与介词 with, for或 against连用。如：
She struggled with/against the thief for a while.他与小偷搏斗了一会儿。
He has been struggling for success in his business. 为了事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。
14.spends a lot of time watching TV. 花费大量时间看电视
spend time/money on sth.表示“在某方面花费时间/钱”，介词 on后接名词或代词；
spend time/money (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间/钱做某事”，介词 in可以省略，后接动名词。如：
He doesn\'t spend much time on his homework. 他花在作业上的时间不多。
How much did you spend buying / in buying the new computer?买这台新电脑花去你多少钱？
15.be far away from的用法
be far away(from...)意为“（距离……）遥远”，是模糊说法。若 away前有表示具体距离的短语时，far必须去掉。试比较：
The school is far away (from here) .学校（离这儿）很远。
The airport is about 20 kilometres away from our company. 机场距离我们公司为 20公里。
16.Looking up at.. .makes you feel so small.抬头仰望…使你感到自己很渺小。
look up意为“抬头看；仰望；（在字典里）查阅”等。如：
He looked up and found many birds flying in the sky.他抬头看，发现许多鸟儿在空中飞翔。
If you meet new words, look them up in the dictionary. 如果你遇到生词，可以查阅词典。
2)动名词可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。这里“Looking up at...”短语作主语。再如：
I believe traveling in space will be easy then. 我相信到那时太空旅游会容易些。（作主语）
I\'m 16 and I like dancing and computers.我16岁，喜欢跳舞和电脑。（作宾语）
My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs.我的兴趣是看小说，踢足球和唱歌。（作表语）
17. They are not at all afraid of people. 它们一点也不怕人。
1) not... at all意为“一点也不；根本不”，起加强语气的作用。如：He doesn\'t smoke at all. 他从来不吸烟。
I\'m not at all sorry I came, I\'m glad! 我来了一点也不遗憾，我很高兴。
2) be afraid of 意为“害怕，担心”，后接名词、代词或现在分词；后接从句时，省略of。如:
He is afraid of his own shadow. 他连自己的影子都害怕。 I\'m afraid that I don\'t understand you.抱歉，我不明白你的意思。
18.take a photo of 给…照相
take a photo of 还可以说 take photos ／picture of， of后接拍照的对象。如：
They had many photos taken on the Great Wall. 他们在长城上拍了很多照片。
Can I take a photo of you? 我可以给你照张相吗？
19. on the way to + 名词/代词；on the way + 副词“在去…途中”
on the way to. . .意为“在路上”、“在途中”，to后接名词或代词；后接副词时，不可有to。如：On the way, a young man waved to me.路上，一个年轻人挥手招呼我。On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. 在回家的路上，他问詹妮是否喜欢这次讲演 I fell on the way to school. 我在上学的路上跌倒了。
20. Don\' t forget to bring your camera. 别忘记带上相机。
forget 意为“忘记”，后可接名词、代词、不定式或现在分词形式。注意：forget to do 表示“忘记去做（还没有做）”， forget doing表示“忘记做了某事（已经做过）”。如：I have forgotten her name.我忘记了她的名字。
She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service. 她几乎忘记给他的服务付小费。
I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.我永远不会忘记听她唱那支歌时的情景。
【语法点评］ 定语从句常见错误例析
定语从句是中学英语中较难掌握的从句之一，其规则繁杂，难以记忆，因而同学们在运用过程中常出现错误。现归类分析如下： 一、关系代词错用 A) that和 which
1. 误 : I\' ve read all the books which you lent me. 正 : I\' ve read all the books that you lent me.
析：定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，little，few，much，very等修饰时，关系代词要用 that。
2.误: This is the last lesson which Mr Green taught us.正 : This is the last lesson that Mr Green taught us.
析：定语从句的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词要用that。
3. 误: Is there anything else which I can do for you?正： Is there anything else that I can do for you?
析：定语从句的先行词是everything，anything，nothing等不定代词时，关系代词要that.
4. 误: They talked about the persons and things which they remembered in the old days.
正 : They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the old days.
析：定语从句的先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词要用that。
5. 误 : My hometown is no longer the place which it used to be. 正: My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
析：定语从句中，关系代词充当从句的表语时，该关系代词要用that。
6. 误; Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.正 : Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.
析：关系代词that不能用于非限制性定语从句，但which可以。
7. 误: He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.正 : He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south.
析：关系代词that不能用于“介词十关系代词”结构，但which可以。
B) who 和 whom
8. 误 : The man with who I worked has left.正: The man with whom I worked has left.
析：关系代词 who指人，作主语； whom也指人，但作宾语。在“介词十关系代词”结构中，先行词是人，关系词用whom；先行词是物，关系词用which
二、关系代词漏用
9. 误: The student is standing there is our monitor.
正: The student who/that is standing there is our monitor.正 : The student standing there is our monitor.
f 析：定语从句中关系代词作主语时不能省略。这里也可以把定语从句改为现在分词形式作定语。
三、关系代词与关系副词混淆 《高一新教材备课资料(U4)(第2页)》
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