论雅典帝国
【内容提要】公元前5世纪后期,雅典人从经济、政治、军事、法律、 宗教诸方面强化对广大属国人民的统治,几乎完全剥夺了各属国的主权,雅典帝国是雅典人的国家,不是主权国家联盟。雅典帝国的形成标志着雅典国家的发展进入了一个新阶段;雅典帝国的形成,是雅典人征服、奴役异邦人的结果,是雅典奴隶制发展的具体表现,是伯里克里时代经济繁荣、政局稳定、文化昌盛的历史前提。雅典帝国的形成和瓦解, 是公元前5世纪中后期东地中海及周边地区国际关系史上的一件大事。在充分肯定雅典乃至希腊历史上的积极作用的同时,丝毫不应忽视它的另一面,即雅典帝国的富足和强大也是建立在征服、奴役甚至屠杀异邦人的基础之上的。
【英文摘要】a great number of irrefutable facts proved that
theathenians strengthened the government of the masses of thenumerous vassel states from the aspects of economy, politics,militiary,law,religion and so on during the late 5th centuryb.c.,even to the extent to almost deprive of the sovereigntyof these states. the athenian empire was not the allianceof sovereign states, but the state of the athenians. theestablishment of the empire marked an advanced period in thedevelopment of the athenian state. it was not only the resultof the athenians conquering and enslaving the non- atheniansbut the embodiment of the growth of athenian slave- owningsystem as well as the historical presupposition of thepericlean age with flourishing economy,
stable politicalsituation and prosperous culture. the formation and collapseof the athenian empire was a great event in the history ofinternational relations between the mediterranean and thearound countries in the mid and later period of 5th century b.c..in spite of regarding the athenian empire's influence onthe history of athen and even of greece as positive,
weshould not neglect the the other aspect in the
slightest,namely,the abundance and powerfulness of the athenian empire were based on the conquering, enslaving and slaughtering thenon-athenians.
【关 键 词】雅典帝国/雅典人/奴隶制/城邦/城邦联盟
the athenian empire/slave- owning
system
stateconfederation/the alliance of state confederation
中国分类号:k12 文献标识码:a 论文编号:1000-2677(1999)01-0112-117
中外古史研究者一般把公元前5 世纪后期的雅典国家称为“雅典帝国”,但对它的认识向来不尽一致。西方学者通常很重视对有关史实的描述和考证,却很少结合早期国家和奴隶制的发展加以论析。因此,他们虽普遍注意到雅典帝国不同于雅典同盟,却难以说清楚二者的本质区别,从而难以对雅典帝国的内涵做出科学的界定(注:梅格斯:《雅典帝国》(r. meiggs, the athenian empire)[m],牛津,1972; 刘易斯:《剑桥古代史》(d.m.lewis,j.boardman, j.k davis & m. ostwald, the cambridge ancient history)[m],第5卷,剑桥,1992:127~132;卡甘:《雅典帝国的衰亡》(d. kagan,
'P>
THE FALLOF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE )[M ], 伊萨卡:1987。《不列颠百科全书》(ENCYELOPACDIA BRITANNICA)[M],7卷,芝加哥,1963: 163。)。近年来,国内部分学者认为,雅典帝国是“城邦的组织,所有加入组织的成员国各保持独立,至少原则如此”;“雅典帝国这种帝国不是国家,不是政治单位”。因此,“从国家的实质说,雅典帝国也就是雅典同盟”,传统所说的“帝国”其实并不存在(注:日知、张强:《雅典帝国与周天下》[J],载《世界历史》,1989(6):111~112。)。'P>
关于雅典同盟的组织结构,雅典与其同盟者关系的演变及其原因等问题,笔者已做过初步讨论(注:拙作:《关于雅典同盟的几个问题》[J],载《西南师范大学学报》,1993(3)。)。本文拟在此基础上就雅典帝国的国家形态、历史地位和作用等问题做进一步探讨。 一!Qc`:-F?G/iwPR0u1S@wq\fa@fpod \&毕业论文LD9y.+|jQ