英语前置性学习的教学定位
英语前置性学习的教学定位
王青
摘要:前置性学习是符合学生学习规律的一种学习方式,也是尊重学生、发展学生,落实“以生为本”思想的具体表现。由于一些教师对前置性学习的认识偏差,致使未能达到学习预期,甚至产生负面影响,应当及时纠偏、准确定位,做到明确目标、分层要求、多元评价。
关键词:前置性学习 目标分层评价
前置性学习,是指讲授新课内容之前,让学生依据白己的知识水平和生活经验预先进行的尝试性学习,主要形式有白学探究、题组练习、小组合作等。它既是符合学生学习规律的一种学习方式,也是尊重学生、发展学生,落实“以生为本”思想的具体表现。前置性学习活动不一定安排在课前,也可根据具体内容安排在课中。然而,由于一些教师对前置性学习的认识偏差,存在目标不明、层次模糊、评价单一等实践误区,应当及时纠偏、准确定位。
一、明确目标:与课堂教学相一致
前置性学习作为学生在教师组织新课内容教学之前的自学活动,其目标应当与课堂教学目标一致,指向学生知识、技能的提升与态度、习惯、情感的培养等方面,为课堂教学做好充分的准备。例如,教学译林版牛津初中英语8B Unit 3 0nlz:ne -ffave/的语法部分的“被动语态”前,我根据本课时学习内容,布置学生在预习时围绕以下问题进行白学探究:
1. What is Passive Voice?
2. What is the grammar structure of Passive Voice?
3. When can we use Passive Voice? Canit be used in all sentences?
4. What is the different between PassiveVoice and Active Voice?
有了这样的前置性学习作基础,课堂上,教师循序渐进地展开教学:
师 I know all of you have already preview the part of the Passive Voice. Now who can please tell me what you can get?(学生分别总结被动语态的构成、使用情 况、基本句型和“by”在被动语态中的使用,教师穿插引导、总结。)
师You all did a great job. Now let-s look atsome questions to see if you can work outall of them.
(教师适时展示一些简单的题目,学生根据总结完成,兴致颇高。)
师 Now you have a basic understanding ofthe Passive Voice. Look at the screenand review it again.
(教师再次整理被动语态的部分内容,一些较难的知识点也在此呈现。学生有了一定兴趣的基础,能够基于自己的理解接受更新、更难的内容。)
师
Turn your English books to Page 50.There is a very interesnng story aboutthe Princess Laura. Let´s play a game.Let´s see which group can retell this story first.
(学生基本能够复述内容,且质量较高。)
教师在认真研究文本、充分了解学情的前提下,安排学生进行白学探究,让前置性学习做到有的放矢、有据可循,达到了预期的学习效果。
二、分层要求:兼顾学生的差异性
前置性学习的目标、内容和任务,应当兼顾学生的差异性,提出弹性化的分层学习要求,扩大参与度,提高实效性。例如,教学译林版牛津初中英语8B的Unit l Past andPresent -课关于“现在完成时”的基本内容时,我准备了两份题组练习,根据学生的基础
师 OK, now let´s look at the exercise. If you think you can understand all the dif-ficulties, you can finish the Exercise 2 all. If you think you still feel a little con- fused, you can first finish Exercise l.
这样的分层题组练习设计,实现了异步达标:一方面,降低了“学困生”的学习难度,使其有白主选择的空间;另一方面,又满足了“学优生”的提升学习需求。
三、多元评价:改变单一的评价模式
前置性学习中,应改变教师评价的单一模式,引入同伴互评等多元评价方式,让学习评价更为科学、有效。例如,教学译林版牛津初中英语7A Project l My、riend -课,前置性学习中,我将全班学生分为六组,要求以组为单位,从年龄、外貌、家人、兴趣爱好、学校生活等方面描述白己在班里的朋友,选择一位同学作为汇报对象。第二天上课,每一组逐个展示汇报:
生 I think she is the most beautiful girl inmy class. She is smart and wears a pairof glasses. She has a round face and longblack hair. When we first met her, shetalked with me friendly. We will be bestfriends forever.
生 Linda is one of my best friends. We playtogether everyday. She is a pretty girl.People always say, "()h, what a lovelygirli"She is also very brave. When wetravel together, she can try a lot ofstrange food. She treats me very well.love her.
发言汇报完成后,要求以小组为单位对其他小组的汇报进行评价——总结亮点,提出意见:
生 I think Group l described clearly, so Ican understand who he is talking about,so I think they did the best. And I alsothink our group did a good job too.
生 I don´t agree with him. I think althoughGroup l reported very clearly, but theyare not humorous, their report is not in-teresting at all. But Group 3 had a goodsense of humor. So I like them best.
教师整合学生的评价,安排各小组进行修改(约5分钟),随后带领学生一起总结描述他人外貌的方法及重点词组:
师 From today´ s class, we learned manydifferent ways to describe people. Justremember, you should talk about one´sappearance first, and then his or herfamily, hobbies and some importantcharacteristics. Also we learned some us-ages, just like: with doing something,adjectives enough, talk with somebodyand so on. And the most important thingis practice as much as you can.
同伴互评、教师总结的多元评价方式,将学生置于互助学习、主动学习的氛围中,激发了学生的热情,保证了学习的实效。
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王青
摘要:前置性学习是符合学生学习规律的一种学习方式,也是尊重学生、发展学生,落实“以生为本”思想的具体表现。由于一些教师对前置性学习的认识偏差,致使未能达到学习预期,甚至产生负面影响,应当及时纠偏、准确定位,做到明确目标、分层要求、多元评价。
关键词:前置性学习 目标分层评价
前置性学习,是指讲授新课内容之前,让学生依据白己的知识水平和生活经验预先进行的尝试性学习,主要形式有白学探究、题组练习、小组合作等。它既是符合学生学习规律的一种学习方式,也是尊重学生、发展学生,落实“以生为本”思想的具体表现。前置性学习活动不一定安排在课前,也可根据具体内容安排在课中。然而,由于一些教师对前置性学习的认识偏差,存在目标不明、层次模糊、评价单一等实践误区,应当及时纠偏、准确定位。
一、明确目标:与课堂教学相一致
前置性学习作为学生在教师组织新课内容教学之前的自学活动,其目标应当与课堂教学目标一致,指向学生知识、技能的提升与态度、习惯、情感的培养等方面,为课堂教学做好充分的准备。例如,教学译林版牛津初中英语8B Unit 3 0nlz:ne -ffave/的语法部分的“被动语态”前,我根据本课时学习内容,布置学生在预习时围绕以下问题进行白学探究:
1. What is Passive Voice?
2. What is the grammar structure of Passive Voice?
3. When can we use Passive Voice? Canit be used in all sentences?
4. What is the different between PassiveVoice and Active Voice?
有了这样的前置性学习作基础,课堂上,教师循序渐进地展开教学:
师 I know all of you have already preview the part of the Passive Voice. Now who can please tell me what you can get?(学生分别总结被动语态的构成、使用情 况、基本句型和“by”在被动语态中的使用,教师穿插引导、总结。)
师You all did a great job. Now let-s look atsome questions to see if you can work outall of them.
(教师适时展示一些简单的题目,学生根据总结完成,兴致颇高。)
师 Now you have a basic understanding ofthe Passive Voice. Look at the screenand review it again.
(教师再次整理被动语态的部分内容,一些较难的知识点也在此呈现。学生有了一定兴趣的基础,能够基于自己的理解接受更新、更难的内容。)
师
Turn your English books to Page 50.There is a very interesnng story aboutthe Princess Laura. Let´s play a game.Let´s see which group can retell this story first.
(学生基本能够复述内容,且质量较高。)
教师在认真研究文本、充分了解学情的前提下,安排学生进行白学探究,让前置性学习做到有的放矢、有据可循,达到了预期的学习效果。
二、分层要求:兼顾学生的差异性
前置性学习的目标、内容和任务,应当兼顾学生的差异性,提出弹性化的分层学习要求,扩大参与度,提高实效性。例如,教学译林版牛津初中英语8B的Unit l Past andPresent -课关于“现在完成时”的基本内容时,我准备了两份题组练习,根据学生的基础
师 OK, now let´s look at the exercise. If you think you can understand all the dif-ficulties, you can finish the Exercise 2 all. If you think you still feel a little con- fused, you can first finish Exercise l.
这样的分层题组练习设计,实现了异步达标:一方面,降低了“学困生”的学习难度,使其有白主选择的空间;另一方面,又满足了“学优生”的提升学习需求。
三、多元评价:改变单一的评价模式
前置性学习中,应改变教师评价的单一模式,引入同伴互评等多元评价方式,让学习评价更为科学、有效。例如,教学译林版牛津初中英语7A Project l My、riend -课,前置性学习中,我将全班学生分为六组,要求以组为单位,从年龄、外貌、家人、兴趣爱好、学校生活等方面描述白己在班里的朋友,选择一位同学作为汇报对象。第二天上课,每一组逐个展示汇报:
生 I think she is the most beautiful girl inmy class. She is smart and wears a pairof glasses. She has a round face and longblack hair. When we first met her, shetalked with me friendly. We will be bestfriends forever.
生 Linda is one of my best friends. We playtogether everyday. She is a pretty girl.People always say, "()h, what a lovelygirli"She is also very brave. When wetravel together, she can try a lot ofstrange food. She treats me very well.love her.
发言汇报完成后,要求以小组为单位对其他小组的汇报进行评价——总结亮点,提出意见:
生 I think Group l described clearly, so Ican understand who he is talking about,so I think they did the best. And I alsothink our group did a good job too.
生 I don´t agree with him. I think althoughGroup l reported very clearly, but theyare not humorous, their report is not in-teresting at all. But Group 3 had a goodsense of humor. So I like them best.
教师整合学生的评价,安排各小组进行修改(约5分钟),随后带领学生一起总结描述他人外貌的方法及重点词组:
师 From today´ s class, we learned manydifferent ways to describe people. Justremember, you should talk about one´sappearance first, and then his or herfamily, hobbies and some importantcharacteristics. Also we learned some us-ages, just like: with doing something,adjectives enough, talk with somebodyand so on. And the most important thingis practice as much as you can.
同伴互评、教师总结的多元评价方式,将学生置于互助学习、主动学习的氛围中,激发了学生的热情,保证了学习的实效。