实用学术论文写作
平均值与标准差或其它统计指标仅
列其最
重要的一项即可。
(9).不要置放图或表于摘要之中，尽量采用文字叙述。
五、主键语
为利于计算机数据查询作业，目前已有许多期刊均需加上主键语，论文中亦
然。主
键语采用具代表性的词句，可为一组、二组或三组，但请勿超过五组以上。若无法
作适当
选择，亦可参考一般索引内之词汇。主键语必须中英文并列，可分别列于各摘要之
后，以
『主键语：xxx, xxxx』或『 KEYWORDS:xxx, xxx』的型式表示。
论文中常用术语
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
AN EXPLANATION OF PHRASES COMMONLY USED IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
"IT HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN..." - I didn't look up the original reference.
"A DEFINITE TREND IS EVIDENT" - These data are practically meaningless.
"WHILE IT HAS NOT BEEN POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE DEFINITE ANSWERS TO THE QUEST
IONS
..." - An unsuccessful experiment, but I still hope to get it published.
"THREE OF THE SAMPLES WERE CHOSEN FOR DETAILED STUDY" - The other result
s
didn't make any sense.
"TYPICAL RESULTS ARE SHOWN" - This is the prettiest graph.
"THESE RESULTS WILL BE IN A SUBSEQUENT REPORT" - I might get around to t
his
sometime, if pushed and/or funded.
"IN MY EXPERIENCE" - Once.
"IN CASE AFTER CASE" - Twice.
"IN A SERIES OF CASES" - Thrice.
"IT IS BELIEVED THAT" - I think.
"IT IS GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT" - A couple of others think so, too.
"CORRECT WITHIN AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE" - Wrong.
"ACCORDING TO STATISTICAL ANALYSIS" - Rumor has it.
"A STATISTICALLY-ORIENTED PROJECTION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE FINDIN
GS
" - A wild guess.
"A CAREFUL ANALYSIS OF OBTAINABLE DATA" - Three pages of notes were obli
terated when I knocked over a glass of beer.
"IT IS CLEAR THAT MUCH ADDITIONAL WORK WILL BE REQUIRED BEFORE A COMPLET
E
UNDERSTANDING OF THIS PHENOMENON OCCURS" - I don't understand it.
"AFTER ADDITIONAL STUDY BY MY COLLEAGUES" - They don't understand it eit
her
.
"THANKS ARE DUE TO JOE BLOTZ FOR ASSISTANCE WITH THE EXPERIMENT AND TO C
INDY ADAMS FOR VALUABLE DISCUSSIONS" - Mr. Blotz did the work and Ms. Ad
ams explaine to me what it meant.
"A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT AREA FOR EXPLORATORY STUDY" - A totally useless to
pic
selected by my committee.
"IT IS HOPED THAT THIS STUDY WILL STIMULATE FURTHER INVESTIGATION IN THI
S
FIELD" - I quit.
文后参考文献着录规则
我国发布GB 7714—87《文后参考文献着录规则》，规定采用“顺序编码制”和“著
者出版年制”两种为我国着录文后参考文献的国家标准。按规定，在科技论文中，
凡是引用前人(包括作者自己过去)已发表的文献中的观点、数据和材料等，都要对
它们在文中出现的地方予以标明，并在文末列出参考文献表。
1 在正文中引用参考文献
一项科学研究取得的新成果通常是在前人成果的基础上的新进展，它体现着科学科
技的继承和发展。如，基于已有的理论、方法、思想、实验手段等，使本研究获得
了新进展，有了新发现；或是将一个学科中的方法移植到另一学科中并取得成功；
或是对已有方法做了改进。当在论文中叙述研究目的、设计思想、建立的模型、与
已有结果进行比较的时候，就要涉及到已有的成果。如果在涉及到前人成果的地方
再把已有成果的具体内容抄到论文当中，不但占去论文的篇幅，冲淡论文的主题，
而且抄写这些已发表过的、读者可以查找到的内容是毫无意义的。所以，在论文涉
及到已有成果的地方，不去重抄已有的成果，而是指出登载这个成果文献(出处)，
这种做法叫做引用参考文献。?引用了参考文献，就要在涉及前人成果的地方做一
《实用学术论文写作(第6页)》
本文链接地址：http://www.oyaya.net/fanwen/view/42560.html
列其最
重要的一项即可。
(9).不要置放图或表于摘要之中，尽量采用文字叙述。
五、主键语
为利于计算机数据查询作业，目前已有许多期刊均需加上主键语，论文中亦
然。主
键语采用具代表性的词句，可为一组、二组或三组，但请勿超过五组以上。若无法
作适当
选择，亦可参考一般索引内之词汇。主键语必须中英文并列，可分别列于各摘要之
后，以
『主键语：xxx, xxxx』或『 KEYWORDS:xxx, xxx』的型式表示。
论文中常用术语
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
AN EXPLANATION OF PHRASES COMMONLY USED IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
"IT HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN..." - I didn't look up the original reference.
"A DEFINITE TREND IS EVIDENT" - These data are practically meaningless.
"WHILE IT HAS NOT BEEN POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE DEFINITE ANSWERS TO THE QUEST
IONS
..." - An unsuccessful experiment, but I still hope to get it published.
"THREE OF THE SAMPLES WERE CHOSEN FOR DETAILED STUDY" - The other result
s
didn't make any sense.
"TYPICAL RESULTS ARE SHOWN" - This is the prettiest graph.
"THESE RESULTS WILL BE IN A SUBSEQUENT REPORT" - I might get around to t
his
sometime, if pushed and/or funded.
"IN MY EXPERIENCE" - Once.
"IN CASE AFTER CASE" - Twice.
"IN A SERIES OF CASES" - Thrice.
"IT IS BELIEVED THAT" - I think.
"IT IS GENERALLY BELIEVED THAT" - A couple of others think so, too.
"CORRECT WITHIN AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE" - Wrong.
"ACCORDING TO STATISTICAL ANALYSIS" - Rumor has it.
"A STATISTICALLY-ORIENTED PROJECTION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE FINDIN
GS
" - A wild guess.
"A CAREFUL ANALYSIS OF OBTAINABLE DATA" - Three pages of notes were obli
terated when I knocked over a glass of beer.
"IT IS CLEAR THAT MUCH ADDITIONAL WORK WILL BE REQUIRED BEFORE A COMPLET
E
UNDERSTANDING OF THIS PHENOMENON OCCURS" - I don't understand it.
"AFTER ADDITIONAL STUDY BY MY COLLEAGUES" - They don't understand it eit
her
.
"THANKS ARE DUE TO JOE BLOTZ FOR ASSISTANCE WITH THE EXPERIMENT AND TO C
INDY ADAMS FOR VALUABLE DISCUSSIONS" - Mr. Blotz did the work and Ms. Ad
ams explaine to me what it meant.
"A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT AREA FOR EXPLORATORY STUDY" - A totally useless to
pic
selected by my committee.
"IT IS HOPED THAT THIS STUDY WILL STIMULATE FURTHER INVESTIGATION IN THI
S
FIELD" - I quit.
文后参考文献着录规则
我国发布GB 7714—87《文后参考文献着录规则》，规定采用“顺序编码制”和“著
者出版年制”两种为我国着录文后参考文献的国家标准。按规定，在科技论文中，
凡是引用前人(包括作者自己过去)已发表的文献中的观点、数据和材料等，都要对
它们在文中出现的地方予以标明，并在文末列出参考文献表。
1 在正文中引用参考文献
一项科学研究取得的新成果通常是在前人成果的基础上的新进展，它体现着科学科
技的继承和发展。如，基于已有的理论、方法、思想、实验手段等，使本研究获得
了新进展，有了新发现；或是将一个学科中的方法移植到另一学科中并取得成功；
或是对已有方法做了改进。当在论文中叙述研究目的、设计思想、建立的模型、与
已有结果进行比较的时候，就要涉及到已有的成果。如果在涉及到前人成果的地方
再把已有成果的具体内容抄到论文当中，不但占去论文的篇幅，冲淡论文的主题，
而且抄写这些已发表过的、读者可以查找到的内容是毫无意义的。所以，在论文涉
及到已有成果的地方，不去重抄已有的成果，而是指出登载这个成果文献(出处)，
这种做法叫做引用参考文献。?引用了参考文献，就要在涉及前人成果的地方做一
《实用学术论文写作(第6页)》
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