英语商务合同常识

　　付款条件：

　　Terms of payment:

　　（1） 离岸价条款：

　　a. 按合同规定卖方应在装运之前30天用电报或函件通知买方合同号码、品名、数量、价值、箱号、毛重、尺寸及可在发运港口交货，以便买方订舱。

　　(1)In case of F.O.B. Terms

　　a. The Seller shall, 30 days before the date of shipment stipulated in the contract, advise the Buyer by cable / letter of the Contract NO. , commodity, quantity, value, number of package, gross weight, measurement and the date of readiness at the port of shipment for the Buyer to book shipping space.

　　b. 卖方对运货船抵达后由于未能按期将货物运交装运港口而造成的误船或滞留装运应承担责任。

　　b. The Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage（逾期费）, should it happen that he has failed to have the commodity ready for loading after the carrying vessel has arrived at the port of shipment on time.

　　c. 在货物装运之前，卖方应承担货物的全部费用与风险，而在货物装运之后，货物的全部费用则由买方承担。

　　c. The Seller shall bear all expenses, risks of the commodity before it passes over the vessel’s rail and is released from the tackle. After it has passed over the vessel’s rail and has been released from the tackle, all expenses of the commodity shall be for the Buyer’s account.

　　以上是一份“售购合同”付款条件的一部分，给人的感觉是：行文刻板、拘谨、单调,但条理清楚、措辞准确、滴水不漏。 应用文体，大至国家法规，国际经济组织章程和文件，小至某项业务的合同，各类涉外公证书、信用证、提单等，都是具有法律效力的文件与单证。拟稿或翻译时稍有差错，往往导致贸易纠纷，造成经济损失，甚至带来不良的政治影响。要避免错误，译者宜注意以下几个方面：

　　（一）统一译名，避免歧义

　　应用文体中，一些术语或关键词，都有严格的意义。在同一篇材料里，为了避免造成概念混乱，使读者疑为另有所指，原则上要求译名保持前后一致。如果一开始将 “technical know-how”译成“专有技术”，就不要中途改译“技术秘密”或“专门技术”；如果一开始将 “information”译为“情报”，就不要中途改译“信息”。在重要的合同里，关键词都会有明确的书面定义。例如：

　　Section 1：Party A shall deliver to Party B as soon as possible after this Agreement becomes effective, but in any event within 60 days thereafter, at Party B’s address set forth above, all the Technical and Sales Information relating to Licensed Product.

　　第一条：甲方应尽快在协议生效后，或最迟在本协议生效后六十天内，按上开乙方地址交给乙方有关特许产品的全部技术与销售情报。

　　Definitions

　　Section1. The term Technical and Sales Information as used herein shall mean all data and information which A owns on the date hereof or develop or acquire during the term of this agreement , and which relates to the manufacture and / or sale of licensed Products and includes assembly and detailed drawings, parts lists, material specifications and manufacturing methods and procedures relating to the licensed Products as well as sales and publicity materials such as catalogs, explanation materials, pamphlets, photographs, layout books, and sales materials.

　　定义：

　　第一条：本协议所用“技术与销售情报”的含义，是指甲方在本协议期间发展或获得的，同生产和/ 或销售“特许产品”有关的组装或部分图纸、配件表、原料规格、生产方法、生产程序以及推销宣传材料，诸如：目录、使用说明书、小册子、照片、图样书册和销售资料等。

　　（二） 不厌其详，但求严谨

　　总的说来，应用文体措辞简洁，但另一方面，为了避免歧义或差错