“It”典型句型例释

“It”典型句型例释孔祥发王爱萍 11月7日  “It”句型一直是近几年NMET命题的热点，同时也是日常教与学的重点和难点。在教材和练习中频频出现，由于其繁杂多变，尤其是一些近似句型的辨析，常使同学们望而却步。笔者在平时的教学中，注意收集这样的句子，现将这些句子分类整理并作一简析，希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。  1．①It is 3 years ________ he joined the army.  ②It will be 3 years ________ we meet again.  ③Tom told me that it was 3 years ________ he had left school.?  A.before  B.after?  C.since  D.when  析：①C，②A，③C。做这类题目应从时态入手。句①是一个主从复合句，该句型常是：It+is（has been）+some time+since sb.did sth.主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，而从句则用一般过去时。句②为It will be （was）+some time before sb.does（did） sth.“多久某人干…”。主句要用一般将来时或一般过去时，before引导的从句则用对应的 一般现在时或一般过去时。又如：  It wasn’t long before we met again.  不久我们又见面了。  句③与句①是同一句型，只不过该句型出现在told引导的宾语从句之中了，故用了was和 had left 的形式。?  2.①________ is well?known to us all that the earth is round.  ②________ is well?known to us all,the earth is round.  A.That  B.As?  C.It  D.Which?  析：①C，②B。句①中it是形式主语，真正的主语是从句“that the earth is round ”。句②中as引导一非限制性定语从句，代替后面整句内容，置于句首。  3.①Was it the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?  ②Was it in the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?  A.that  B.where  C.which  D.both A and B  析：①B，②A。句①的先行词是the house,后面为一个定语从句，所以可填where或in which。句②为强调句型。判断一个句子是否是强调句型，先把it is…that…这一结构抛开，看其余部分能否构成一个完整的句子。那么，句①还原为Abraham Lincoln was born the house.the house之前缺少介词in，故不为强调句了。句②则相符，故选that。  4.①It’s very kind ________ you to help us.  ②It’s very important ________ us to keep the balance of nature.  A.for  B.of  C.to  D.with  析：①B，②A。在句①中，常见的形容词有kind,good,nice,foolish,stupid,wrong,clever 等。他们用来修饰人，表示人物的品质或性格特征。句①可变为You’re very kind to help us.所以选B。而句②则不可，因其形容词只能修饰后面的不定式，故用for。?  5.①________ no wonder that he has passed the exam.  ②________ no need for you to wait here.  A.There being  B.It was?  C.It is  D.There is  析：①C，②D。句①为“无怪…”之意，it为形式主语，that从句为真正主语，该句型还常以No wonder…，Small wonder…或Little wonder…等省略形式出现。又如：No wonder he was punished by his father。句②为固定句型，多为否定句或疑问句。又如：Is there any need to explain further?有必要更进一步说明吗??  6.①It is strange that he ________ the work in 3 days.  ②It is possible that he ________ the work in 3 days.  A.can finish  B.is finishing  C.should finish  D.finish?  析：①C，②A。在it is necessary（important,strange,natural）等结构的句子中，其后的主语从句用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”。  7.①It is （high） time that we ________ to school.  ②It is the second time that we ________ to Beijing.  A.go  B.went?  C.have been  D.have gone?  析：①B，②C。句①为It is （high）time 引导的定语从句，应用虚拟语气，其结构为“过去式或should+动词原形”，should不可省略。句②的先行词time由序数词修饰，从句要用完成时态，且时态要和主句保持一致。又如：?  It （This/That）was the third time that he had been invited to our school.  It’ll be the fourth time that he’ll have been there.  8.①________ doesn’t matter much whether he’ll come to the party.  ②I feel ________ an honour to be invited to speak here.  A.this（This）  B.it（It）  C.that（That）  D.what（What）  析：①B，②B。在句①和句②中it分别作形式主语和形式宾语，故不能用this或that代替。?  9.①It’s no good ________ such a thing.  ②It’s of no importance ________ such a thing.  A.do  B.to do  C.doing  D.done?  析：①C，②B。句①常用doing作真正的主语，故选C。类似句型还有It’s no use （useless）crying over the spilt milk.句②则只能用不定式作真正主语。再如It’s important/helpful/good/necessary/possible/right/  wrong+to do…。  10.①It is hoped that you ________ there on time.  ?②It is advised that you ________ there on time.  A.arrive  B.should arrive  C.will arrive  D.both A and B?  析：①C，②D。句①是it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。主从句时态一致是解题的关键。类似句型有：It’s said/believed/hoped/expected/reported/announced/whispered that…等等。做这类题目时，还应注意其转变题型。例如：  （NMET’99） Robert is said ________ abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.  A.to have studied  B.to study  C.to be studying  D.to have been studying  如果把首句变为It is said that Robert ________,再结合后面的“studied”便可轻易得出答案A。?  句②It is advised that…=sb.advises that,所以仍需用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should do或do的形式。类似的句型还有It is insisted/ordered/suggested/demanded/required /requested that…等等。