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初中英语第一册17~30单元要点归纳


[作者]  纪焕金

[内容] 

 

    1.with,in

    with与in都有"用"之意,但"用"法不同。with表示"用工具"、"用

手、口"等。in表示"用语言、 话语或声音"。例如:

    Please write the letter in English.

    He wrote it with a pen.

    2.sone,any

    some, any均可用来修饰或代替复数名词或不可数名词,但some主要用于

肯定句或肯定答语中,any主要用 于疑问名、否定句(或否定答语)中。在表

示邀请、请求、希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中应用some。例如:

    —Are there any apples in that basket?

    —No,there aren't any. But I can give you some.

    There isn't any water in my glass. Would you give me some?

    3.take,bring,carry

    以说话人为中心,take是把某人或某物从说话者身边"拿走(去)"、"带

走(去)”;bring是从别处将 某物或某人带到说话者这里来,译为"拿来"、

"带来"。例如:

    Take this empty box sway and bring me a full one.

    当不以某人为中心从一处到另一处的运动用take。例如:

    The No.3 bus will take him there.

    carry强调动作的方式,不说明动作的方向,译为"搬、扛、抬"等,有时

与take用法相同。例如:

    They carried/took the books to the classroom.

    Look!They are carrying water.

    4.other,the other

    other不特指,后面可接单、复数名词。the other特指两者当中的另外一

个(或部分)。例如:

    Jack and some other girls went shopping.

    I have two sisters.One is a teacher,the other is a worker.

    5.in a tree, on a tree

    这两个短语都有"在树上"之意,但用法不同。表示树上长出的东西,如果

实、枝叶等,要用on the tre e;当不属于树上生长的东西,如人或其它物"在

树上"时,应用in the tree。例如:

    There are some birds in the tree.

    There are lots of apples on that tree.

    6.by bike,on a bike

    by后表交通工具的名词须用单数,而且其前一般无冠词或其它修饰词。若

名词前有冠词或其它修饰词,则 应用其它介词,如on,in,而不用by。另外注意

onfoot(步行)。例如:

    I often go to school by bike.But sometimes on a bus or on foot.

    7.speak,say,talk, tell

    say是"说出"、"说过",强调所说的内容。speak重在"讲",着重开

口发声,不强调讲话内容,一般 作不及物动词。作及物动词时,其宾语通常是

表语言、真理的名词。talk有“交谈”之意,有较强的对答、讨 论意味,多作

不及物动词。tell重在"告诉"。此外"讲故事"也用tell。例如:

    Can you say it in English?

    Can you speak English?

    He is talking with his English teacher.

    Can you tell me about it?

    8.see,look(at),watch,read

    see作"看到"讲,指结果。look指有目的地去看,具有一定的主动性,接

宾语时须与at连用。watch有" 观看"之意,通常指观看正在动的东西。例如:

    The old man looked at the blackboard,but he saw nothing.

    They are watching a football match.

    注意:watch TV(看电视),see a film(看电影)。

    read着重"看"带有文字内容的书、报等。例如:

    He is reading a newspaper(报纸).

    9.have,there be

    have表某人或某物本身"拥有",there be表某处"有(存在)"某物(或

人)。例如:

    I have lots of friends.

    There is a pen in my pencil-box.

    有时二者用法相同。例如:

    There are lots of apples on the tree.

    The tree has lots of apples on it.

    10.put on,wear,be in

    put on强调"穿戴"的动作,wear指"穿戴"的状态。put on与wear均

可指穿衣(鞋)、戴帽(眼镜)等 。be in也表穿着的状态。例如:

    It's cold outside. Put on your coat,please.

    They are all in (wearing)white clothes.

    11.one,it

    二者均为代词,都可用来代替单数名词,但用法有别。it是特指上文所提

过的东西,one是泛指与上文所提 的东西同类中的一个,不特指。one单独使用

时前面无冠词。但当one受形容词修饰时,其前应加不定冠词,也 可在其前加

定冠词,表示特指。例如:

    —Do you have a ruler?

    —Yes,I have one.I have a new one.


    —Could I borrow it?

    —Certainly.

    12.teach sb.English

    teach后可接双宾语。例如:

    【误】He will teach our English this term.

    【正】He will teach us English this term.

    13.too,very,much,very much

    too有

《初中英语第一册17~30单元要点归纳》
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