谈谈英语写作的基本方法
than a commonsleep.
B.Animals need hibernation.
C.Hibernation is a very deep sleep.
D.How can hibernating animals sleep all through the winter?
上面B、D两句不能说明这段话的中心，不能做主旨句。A、C两句都能说明这段话的中心，但是A句不如C句简洁明了，所以用C句做这段话的主旨句最恰当。
2.扩展句。扩展句的内容必须围绕主旨句，支持主旨句。偏离主旨句的扩展句等于画蛇添足，应该删去。从修辞上看，几个扩展句如果能分别用简单句，并列句和复合句，则整个段落会显得生动一些，而不至于那么单调、呆板。下面这段话里，有一个扩展句是偏离主旨的，请同学们把它找出来。
It is easy to do this experiment.First,you get a giass ofwater and a pencil.Then you put the pencil into the water.Atthis time,you will see the pencil appears broken.Perhaps youhave once found this thing before.The expenment shows thatlight waves change speed when they go from air into water.
在这段话里,First..,Then...和At this time...这三个扩展句都是说明“这个实验很容易做”这个主旨的。但是Perhaps...这个句子偏离了这个主旨，它跟这个实验的做法无关，应该删去。
扩展句可以按照时间、方位、因果、对比、类别等关系来组织。例如上面这段话里的扩展句是以时间为序来安排的。“组段”的开头，说竹有很多用途那段话，是以方位（茎、根、髓）为序来安排扩展句的。
3.结尾句。结尾句是对主旨句的呼应，它通常导出扩展句所陈述的结果。下面这段话还没有结尾句，请同学们阅读之后，从A、B、C、D中选一句做它的结尾句。
How can we stop pollution?The most important thing is topass certain laws to prevent factories from sending out noise,poisonous gases and dirty water.Besides,we should protectforests and plant more trees.Meanwhile,every one of us mustpay close attention to public health and keep oursurroundings clean.
A.In spite of all these measures,we still cannot defeatpollution.
B.So pollution is a serious problem that needs all thesociety to care about.
C.However,pollution will still exist and we must not letdown our guard against it
D.In this way,we shall win the battle against pollution.
显然，D句与主旨句呼应最密切，它导出了立法、保护森林、植树、注意公共卫生和搞好环境清洁等措施的结果。所以，应该选D句做本段的结尾句。
四、谋篇
一篇文章应有比较完整的内容和结构。它通常包含引言段、扩展段和结论段。这和我们汉语作文的起、承、转、合是基本一致的。下面请读一篇论述时间的价值的文章。
The Value of Time
A proverb says:"Time is money."But in my opinion,time is even more precious than money.Why?Because when money is spent,we can earn（赚）it back.However,when time is gone,it willnever return.This is the reason why we must value time.
It goes without saying that the time we can use is limited.Therefore,even an hour is extremely precious.We shouid makefull use of our time to do useful things.As students we mustnot relax（放松）our efforts to engage in our studies so asto serve society and our nation in the future.
But it is a pity that there were a lot of people who do notknow the importance of time.They spend their precious timesmoking,drinding and chatting.They do not realize thatwasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuablelife.
In a word,we should form the good habit of saving time.Donot put off what can be done today until tomorrow.
这篇文章有四段。第一段是引言段，提出时间比金钱更宝贵，我们必须珍惜时间这个论题。第二段是扩展段，说明时间是有限的，作为学生更要充分利用它来学习，以利将来为国家服务。第三段也是扩展段，指出有些人还没有认识时间的价值。第四段是结论段，作出我们必须养成节约时间习惯的诊断。这四段话刚好是起——承——转——合的结构。
从这篇文章还可以看到，英语作文的起承转合会用上一些特定的词语。下面分别作简单的介绍。
1.常用在引言段开头（起）的词语：
Generaily speaking,...一般地说，……
A proverb says,"..."有句谚语说，“……”
Many people often ask this question,"..."许多人常常问这个司题，“……？”
First of all...首先……/At present...当今……
2.常用在第一个扩展段开头（承）的词语：
To take...for an example，……以……为例
Now that we know that...既然我们知道……
What is & 《谈谈英语写作的基本方法》
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B.Animals need hibernation.
C.Hibernation is a very deep sleep.
D.How can hibernating animals sleep all through the winter?
上面B、D两句不能说明这段话的中心，不能做主旨句。A、C两句都能说明这段话的中心，但是A句不如C句简洁明了，所以用C句做这段话的主旨句最恰当。
2.扩展句。扩展句的内容必须围绕主旨句，支持主旨句。偏离主旨句的扩展句等于画蛇添足，应该删去。从修辞上看，几个扩展句如果能分别用简单句，并列句和复合句，则整个段落会显得生动一些，而不至于那么单调、呆板。下面这段话里，有一个扩展句是偏离主旨的，请同学们把它找出来。
It is easy to do this experiment.First,you get a giass ofwater and a pencil.Then you put the pencil into the water.Atthis time,you will see the pencil appears broken.Perhaps youhave once found this thing before.The expenment shows thatlight waves change speed when they go from air into water.
在这段话里,First..,Then...和At this time...这三个扩展句都是说明“这个实验很容易做”这个主旨的。但是Perhaps...这个句子偏离了这个主旨，它跟这个实验的做法无关，应该删去。
扩展句可以按照时间、方位、因果、对比、类别等关系来组织。例如上面这段话里的扩展句是以时间为序来安排的。“组段”的开头，说竹有很多用途那段话，是以方位（茎、根、髓）为序来安排扩展句的。
3.结尾句。结尾句是对主旨句的呼应，它通常导出扩展句所陈述的结果。下面这段话还没有结尾句，请同学们阅读之后，从A、B、C、D中选一句做它的结尾句。
How can we stop pollution?The most important thing is topass certain laws to prevent factories from sending out noise,poisonous gases and dirty water.Besides,we should protectforests and plant more trees.Meanwhile,every one of us mustpay close attention to public health and keep oursurroundings clean.
A.In spite of all these measures,we still cannot defeatpollution.
B.So pollution is a serious problem that needs all thesociety to care about.
C.However,pollution will still exist and we must not letdown our guard against it
D.In this way,we shall win the battle against pollution.
显然，D句与主旨句呼应最密切，它导出了立法、保护森林、植树、注意公共卫生和搞好环境清洁等措施的结果。所以，应该选D句做本段的结尾句。
四、谋篇
一篇文章应有比较完整的内容和结构。它通常包含引言段、扩展段和结论段。这和我们汉语作文的起、承、转、合是基本一致的。下面请读一篇论述时间的价值的文章。
The Value of Time
A proverb says:"Time is money."But in my opinion,time is even more precious than money.Why?Because when money is spent,we can earn（赚）it back.However,when time is gone,it willnever return.This is the reason why we must value time.
It goes without saying that the time we can use is limited.Therefore,even an hour is extremely precious.We shouid makefull use of our time to do useful things.As students we mustnot relax（放松）our efforts to engage in our studies so asto serve society and our nation in the future.
But it is a pity that there were a lot of people who do notknow the importance of time.They spend their precious timesmoking,drinding and chatting.They do not realize thatwasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuablelife.
In a word,we should form the good habit of saving time.Donot put off what can be done today until tomorrow.
这篇文章有四段。第一段是引言段，提出时间比金钱更宝贵，我们必须珍惜时间这个论题。第二段是扩展段，说明时间是有限的，作为学生更要充分利用它来学习，以利将来为国家服务。第三段也是扩展段，指出有些人还没有认识时间的价值。第四段是结论段，作出我们必须养成节约时间习惯的诊断。这四段话刚好是起——承——转——合的结构。
从这篇文章还可以看到，英语作文的起承转合会用上一些特定的词语。下面分别作简单的介绍。
1.常用在引言段开头（起）的词语：
Generaily speaking,...一般地说，……
A proverb says,"..."有句谚语说，“……”
Many people often ask this question,"..."许多人常常问这个司题，“……？”
First of all...首先……/At present...当今……
2.常用在第一个扩展段开头（承）的词语：
To take...for an example，……以……为例
Now that we know that...既然我们知道……
What is & 《谈谈英语写作的基本方法》
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