虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡
虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡
文/杨丽华
摘 要：归纳总结了学习虚拟语气的三道关卡，并附有实践练习题。
关键词：虚拟语气；语境；难点；特殊句式
虚拟语气一直是一个令高中学生头疼的语法项目，其实，只要迈过其中三道关卡，它就不会那么玄乎了。
一、适用语境关
作为有别于陈述语气的一种特别表达方式，虚拟语气有着自
己特有的适应语境。
1.与事实相反
eg.If I were you， I would accept the invitation without hesitation.
2.实现的可能性很小/几乎没有
eg. I wish I were a bird so that I could fly freely in the sky.
3.礼貌、委婉语气
eg. I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to my application soon.
二、难点辨析关
1.主从句时间错综式虚拟
eg. If you had gone to see the doctor yesterday，you would feel better now.
例句中，从句指过去，主句指的却是现在。
处理此类题型时的要领是：明确主从句身份、定位主从句谓语动作发生的时间、按照虚拟的表达方式对号入座。又如：
Maybe if I had studied science， and no literature then， I would be able to give you more help.
由if 从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句则用would be able to…表示对现在的假设。
2.条件隐蔽式虚拟
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but
for，without，or等来引导。
eg. But for their help ， we could not have finished the program in time.
I was so busy then. Otherwise ， I would have gone to help him.
3.could /would /should might 的选择
这几个词的基本意义有着明显不同：
would （not） （就）会（不会）
If he had followed my advice， he wouldn’t have lost his job.
could （not） 能（不能）
Given more time， the director could have made a better film.
should （not） /Ought （not） to 该（不该）
The flowers are dead. I should have given them more water.
might（not）可能（可能不）
If you hadn’t reminded me， I might have forgotten.
当然，在处理具体题目时，除了要准确理解和掌握这几个词的基本用法外，还应充分利用试题所设置的语境具体分析来进行选择。
三、特殊句式记忆关
英语中一般用虚拟需牢记的常见句式：
1.If only she had known the answer then.
2.They talked as if they had been friends for years though they didn’t know each other.
3.I’d rather I hadn’t told you that.
4.It is time that we went to school.
5.Had you followed the doctor’s advice， you would be well now.
6.He insisted that he hadn’t done anything wrong， and that he （should） be set free.
7.I feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn’t forced me to eat so much.
上述七种句式均属虚拟语气考查重点，至于其中的一些共性
的具体变化形式，这里就不赘述了。
实战演练：
1.But for his help， I .（fail）
要不是他帮我，我可能就失败了。
2.If you had worked hard， you tired now.（be）
如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会很累。
3.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention
at the meeting. （discuss）
约翰逊坚持要求在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。
4.I through the bitter period without your generous help.（go）
没有您慷慨相助，我就不能渡过那段艰难时期。
5.Had I not drunk alcohol last night， I my car home.
如果我昨天晚上没有喝酒，我本能自己开车回家的。（drive）
⒍If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as my sister was he
as fluently as she does. （speak）
如果小华像我姐姐那样在英国长大，他就能和我姐姐一样说流利的英语。
7.“My son， why are you so rude？ I would rather I you then.” cried the old lady. （give）
“儿子，你为什么如此粗鲁？我宁愿那个时候没有生你。”那位老太太哭着说道。
8.He talks a lot about Japan as though before.（be）
他谈了很多有关日本的事，好像他以前去过那儿。
9.If only I your advice! Look， what a mess I have made now！ （follow）
要是我听从了你的建议就好了！看，我现在弄得一团糟！
10.We’ve been here 24 hours and I think it’s time we （go）
我们已经在这里24个小时了，我想我们回家的时间到了。
keys：
1.might/could have failed
2.would be
3.should be discussed
4.couldn’t have gone
5.could have driven
6.could speak English
7.hadn’t given birth to
8.he had been there
9.had followed
10.should go/went back home
（作者单位 湖南省武汉市新洲一中阳逻校区） 《虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡》
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文/杨丽华
摘 要：归纳总结了学习虚拟语气的三道关卡，并附有实践练习题。
关键词：虚拟语气；语境；难点；特殊句式
虚拟语气一直是一个令高中学生头疼的语法项目，其实，只要迈过其中三道关卡，它就不会那么玄乎了。
一、适用语境关
作为有别于陈述语气的一种特别表达方式，虚拟语气有着自
己特有的适应语境。
1.与事实相反
eg.If I were you， I would accept the invitation without hesitation.
2.实现的可能性很小/几乎没有
eg. I wish I were a bird so that I could fly freely in the sky.
3.礼貌、委婉语气
eg. I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to my application soon.
二、难点辨析关
1.主从句时间错综式虚拟
eg. If you had gone to see the doctor yesterday，you would feel better now.
例句中，从句指过去，主句指的却是现在。
处理此类题型时的要领是：明确主从句身份、定位主从句谓语动作发生的时间、按照虚拟的表达方式对号入座。又如：
Maybe if I had studied science， and no literature then， I would be able to give you more help.
由if 从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句则用would be able to…表示对现在的假设。
2.条件隐蔽式虚拟
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but
for，without，or等来引导。
eg. But for their help ， we could not have finished the program in time.
I was so busy then. Otherwise ， I would have gone to help him.
3.could /would /should might 的选择
这几个词的基本意义有着明显不同：
would （not） （就）会（不会）
If he had followed my advice， he wouldn’t have lost his job.
could （not） 能（不能）
Given more time， the director could have made a better film.
should （not） /Ought （not） to 该（不该）
The flowers are dead. I should have given them more water.
might（not）可能（可能不）
If you hadn’t reminded me， I might have forgotten.
当然，在处理具体题目时，除了要准确理解和掌握这几个词的基本用法外，还应充分利用试题所设置的语境具体分析来进行选择。
三、特殊句式记忆关
英语中一般用虚拟需牢记的常见句式：
1.If only she had known the answer then.
2.They talked as if they had been friends for years though they didn’t know each other.
3.I’d rather I hadn’t told you that.
4.It is time that we went to school.
5.Had you followed the doctor’s advice， you would be well now.
6.He insisted that he hadn’t done anything wrong， and that he （should） be set free.
7.I feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn’t forced me to eat so much.
上述七种句式均属虚拟语气考查重点，至于其中的一些共性
的具体变化形式，这里就不赘述了。
实战演练：
1.But for his help， I .（fail）
要不是他帮我，我可能就失败了。
2.If you had worked hard， you tired now.（be）
如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会很累。
3.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention
at the meeting. （discuss）
约翰逊坚持要求在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。
4.I through the bitter period without your generous help.（go）
没有您慷慨相助，我就不能渡过那段艰难时期。
5.Had I not drunk alcohol last night， I my car home.
如果我昨天晚上没有喝酒，我本能自己开车回家的。（drive）
⒍If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as my sister was he
as fluently as she does. （speak）
如果小华像我姐姐那样在英国长大，他就能和我姐姐一样说流利的英语。
7.“My son， why are you so rude？ I would rather I you then.” cried the old lady. （give）
“儿子，你为什么如此粗鲁？我宁愿那个时候没有生你。”那位老太太哭着说道。
8.He talks a lot about Japan as though before.（be）
他谈了很多有关日本的事，好像他以前去过那儿。
9.If only I your advice! Look， what a mess I have made now！ （follow）
要是我听从了你的建议就好了！看，我现在弄得一团糟！
10.We’ve been here 24 hours and I think it’s time we （go）
我们已经在这里24个小时了，我想我们回家的时间到了。
keys：
1.might/could have failed
2.would be
3.should be discussed
4.couldn’t have gone
5.could have driven
6.could speak English
7.hadn’t given birth to
8.he had been there
9.had followed
10.should go/went back home
（作者单位 湖南省武汉市新洲一中阳逻校区） 《虚拟语气学习中的几道关卡》
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